دير المسيح (تومار)

Coordinates: 39°36′17″N 8°25′3″W / 39.60472°N 8.41750°W / 39.60472; -8.41750
(تم التحويل من كونڤنتو كريستو)
Convent of Christ
Convento de Cristo
A view of the Convent and Castle complex of Tomar
خريطة
معلومات عامة
النوعMonastery
الطراز المعماريManueline
الموقعTomar (São João Baptista) e Santa Maria dos Olivais
البلدة أو المدينةتومار
البلدالبرتغال
الإحداثيات39°36′17″N 8°25′3″W / 39.60472°N 8.41750°W / 39.60472; -8.41750
اِفتُتح1160
المالكPortuguese Republic
الاسم الرسميConvent of Christ in Tomar
السماتثقافي: (i), (vi)
مرجع265
مدرجة1983 (7 Session)
النوعNon-movable
المعيارNational Monument
التوصيف10 January 1907
الرقم المرجعيIPA.00004718

دير المسيح (برتغالية: Convento de Cristo/Mosteiro de Cristo) هو دير كاثوليكي سابق في الأسقفية المدنية تومار (ساو جواو باتيستا) و سانتا ماريا دوس أوليڤايس، في بلدية المنطقة الوسطى تومار. Originally a 12th-century Templar stronghold, when the order was dissolved in the 14th century the Portuguese branch was turned into the Knights of the Order of Christ, that later supported Portugal's maritime discoveries of the 15th century. مجمع الدير والقلعة هو أثر تاريخي وثقافي مدرج في قائمة التراث العالمي لليونسكو في 1983.

التاريخ

فرسان الهيكل

The main church of the Convent of Tomar constructed by فرسان الهيكل
The Manueline nave, as seen from the Renaissance era cloisters
The elaborate pinnacles over the western facade of the church
Renaissance Cloister of John III

The convent was founded by the Order of Poor Knights of the Temple (أو فرسان الهيكل) in 1118.[1] Its construction continued until the final part of the 12th century with the construction of the oratory, in one of the angles of the castle, completed by the Grand Master D. Gualdim Pais (sometime around 1160).[1] Around 1190 it was encircled and resisted the armies of caliph Abu Yusuf al-Mansur who was successful in taking strongholds in the south.[1] (A plaque was erected near the entrance to the castle to commemorate this event).

During the second quarter of the 13th century, Tomar was transferred into the control of the Templars, becoming its seat.[1] The castle became an integral part of the defence system created by the Templars to secure the border of the young Christian Kingdom against the Moors, which at the time occupied the area to approximately the Tagus River. But, following the dissolution of the Templar Order, on 14 March 1319, and following the request of King Denis of Portugal, Pope John XXII instituted the Order of Christ.[1] The seat of the former Knights Templar was converted in 1357 into the seat of this new order.[1]

The famous round church (rotunda) of the castle of Tomar was also built in the second half of the 12th century. The church, like some other templar churches throughout Europe, was modelled after the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, which was believed by the crusaders to be a remnant of the Temple of Solomon. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem may also have served as model.



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الهامش

ملاحظات
  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Mendonça, Isabel; Marques, Lina; Branco, Ricardo; Matias, Cecília (2006), SIPA, ed. (in Portuguese), Convento de Cristo/Mosteiro de Cristo (IPA.00004718/PT031418120002), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, Archived from the original on 15 September 2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200718/http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=4718, retrieved on 1 September 2015 
المصادر
  • Graf, Gerhard N (1987), Portugal/1 - Europa Romanica, Madrid, Portugal: Ediciones Encuentro 

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