الأهرامات الصينية

(تم التحويل من Chinese pyramids)
The tumulus mound covering the tomb of Emperor Jing of Han[1] (r. 156-141 BCE), located outside of Xi'an

The term Chinese pyramids refers to pyramidal shaped structures in China, most of which are ancient mausoleums and burial mounds built to house the remains of several early أباطرة الصين and their imperial relatives. About 38 of them are located around 25 كيلومتر (16 mi) - 35 كيلومتر (22 mi) north-west of Xi'an, on the Qin Chuan Plains in Shaanxi Province. The most famous is the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, northeast of Xi'an and 1.7 km west of where the Terracotta Warriors were found.[2]

Although known in the West for at least a century, their existence has been made controversial by sensationalist publicity and the problems of Chinese archaeology in early 20th century.

أقدم مقابر

The earliest tombs in China are found just north of Beijing in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and in Liaoning. They belong to the Neolithic Hongshan culture (4700 to 2900 BC).

The site of Niuheliang in Liaoning contains a pyramidal structure.

معلومات متوفرة في الغرب

'مقبرة الجنرال' في Ji'an, Jilin, China. It was built during the Goguryeo Kingdom (37 BC – 668 AD)
Pottery figurines of domesticated animals and female servants dressed in silk robes, excavated from the mausoleum of Emperor Jing of Han (r. 156-141 BCE) near modern Xi'an (ancient Chang'an)

In 1667 the Jesuit Father Athanasius Kircher wrote about Chinese pyramids in his book China monumentis Illustrata.


قائمة جزئية للأضرحة والمقابر في الصين

The tumulus of Zhousanling in Luoyang, traditionally believed to be the tombs of the kings of the Eastern Zhou dynasty

Zhou dynasty tombs complex near Luoyang, Henan

Zhao Kings' tombs complex near Handan, Hebei

Yan King's burial mounds in Yixian, Hebei

Qin dynasty mausoleums near Xi'an, Shaanxi

Tumulus of the Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum

Western Han dynasty mausoleums complex in Xianyang and around Xi'an, Shaanxi

Tumulus of the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han
A modern model portraying how Emperor Jing's tomb complex would have appeared upon completion
Tomb mound of Empress Wang of Emperor Jing
Pingling mound of Emperor Zhao of Han
Anling mound of Emperor Hui of Han
Mound of Changling mausoleum
Mound of Kangling, mausoleum of Emperor Ping of Han

Maoling Mausoleum group:

Pingling Mausoleum group:

Yanling Mausoleum group:

Kangling Mausoleum group:

Weiling Mausoleum group:

Group of two "tombs of Zhou Kings" (possibly from Han era):

  • Tomb of King Wu of Zhou
  • Tomb of King Wen of Zhou

Yiling mausoleum group:

Anling mausoleum group:

Changling mausoleum group:

Yangling mausoleum group:

Baling mausoleum group:

Duling mausoleum group:

Eastern Han mausoleums near Luoyang, Henan

Yangling, Shaanxi

Xining, Qinghai

The Hutai Pyramid in Xining

Tang dynasty mausoleums in Shaanxi

The eighteen mausoleums of the Tang dynasty emperors (唐十八陵) in the valley of the Wei River north of the Qin Mountains (秦岭). Most are natural hills shaped by man, and they are among the biggest Chinese mausoleums, such as Qianling (乾陵), joint tomb of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and of the Empress Wu Zetian. Some mausoleums feature a burial mound:

Mausoleum of Emperor Xiaojing of Tang near Goushi, Henan

Imperial mausoleums complex of Song dynasty in and around Gongyi, Henan

في أماكن أخرى

The 'Tomb of the General' in Ji'an, Jilin, China. It was built during the Goguryeo Kingdom (37 BC – 668 AD)

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "Tomb of Empror Jing of Han".
  2. ^ Cotterell, Maurice (2004). The Terracotta Warriors: The Secret Codes of the Emperor's Army. Vermont: Bear & Company. p. 78. ISBN 1-59143-033-X.
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-13. Retrieved 2016-06-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) p. 10.
  4. ^ Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (1993). "The Tangut Royal Tombs near Yinchuan". Muqarnas. Brill Publishers. 10: 369–381. doi:10.2307/1523201. JSTOR 1523201.

وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=الأهرامات_الصينية&oldid=4349654"