روسيا الأوروبية

روسيا الأوروپية
روسيا الأوروپية
أكبر مدينة	موسكو
صفة المواطن	روسي
المساحة
• الإجمالية	3،969،100 km2 (1،532،500 sq mi) (7th)
Population
• 2023 التعداد	109,455,000 (13th)
• Density	27.5/km2 (71.2/sq mi) (160th)
ن.م.إ. (ق.ش.م.)	2024 estimate
• الإجمالي	▲ $5.1 trillion
• للفرد	▲ $46,300
ن.م.إ. (الاسمي)	2024 estimate
• الإجمالي	▲$1.8 trillion
• Per capita	▲$16,400

روسيا الأوروبية هي المناطق الغربية من روسيا والتي تقع داخل قارة أوروبا. تاريخيا حدود أوروبا هي مع سلسلة جبال الأورال. ووفقا للتعريف التاريخي تقع معظم الأراضي الروسية داخل القارة الآسيوية ولكن معظم سكان البلاد يعيشون في روسيا الغربية. مدينتي موسكو وسانت پطرسبورگ تقعان ضمن المنطقة الروسية الأوروبية.

تقريباً 77% من إجمالي السكان الروسي (حوالي 110,000,000 نسمة من تقريباً إجمالي سكان روسيا البالغ 141,000,000) يعيش في روسيا الغربية، بمتوسط 27 نسمة/كم².^[4]^:6^[4]^:10 وبالرغم من أن 75% من أراضي روسيا يقع في آسيا، فإن الجزء الآسيوي من روسيا يعيش فيه 22% من سكانها بواقع 2.5 شخص/كم².^[4]^:6

المنطقة والسكان

European Russia accounts for 80% of Russia's total population. It covers an area of over 3،969،100 متر كيلومربع (1،532،500 sq mi), with a population of nearly 110 million—making Russia the largest country in Europe, surpassing Ukraine, and the most populous, surpassing Germany.^[5]^[أ] European Russia is the most densely populated region of Russia, with a population density of 27.5 people per km² (70 per sq mi).^[4] European Russia counts for about 15% of Europe's total population.

All three federal cities of Russia lie within European Russia. These cities are Moscow, the nation's capital and largest city, which is the most populous city entirely within Europe; Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital and the second-most populous city in the country; and Sevastopol, located in Crimea, which is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.

Of the 16 Russian cities with over 1 million inhabitants, 12 lie within European Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Perm and Volgograd (the remaining four are Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk).

With majority of the population being Slavic, Moscow being the capital city, and Christianity being the dominating religion, Russia is mainly counted as a European country. When it comes to sports and entertainment, Russia for example plays soccer as a UEFA member and has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest as a member of the European Broadcasting Union.

التاريخ

The historical population of European Russia was composed of Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Germanic, Turkic, Jewish, Scythian, North Caucasian, Hunnic and Baltic peoples.^[6]^[7]

Some theories say that some early Eastern Slavs arrived in modern-day western Russia (also in Ukraine and Belarus) sometime during the middle of the first millennium AD.^[8] The Eastern Slavic tribe of the Vyatichis was native to the land around the Oka river. Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Turkic tribes were also present in the area (although large parts of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric people were absorbed by the Slavs, there are great minorities in European Russia today). The western region of Central Russia was inhabited by the Eastern Slavic tribe of the Severians.

One of the first Rus' regions according to the Sofia First Chronicle was Veliky Novgorod in 859. In late 8th and early-to-mid-9th centuries AD the Rus' Khaganate was formed in modern western Russia. The region was a place of operations for Varangians, eastern Scandinavian adventurers, merchants, and pirates. From the late 9th to the mid-13th century a large section of today's European Russia was part of Kievan Rus'. The lands of Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus' were important trade routes and connected Scandinavia, Byzantine Empire, Rus' people and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria and Persia. According to old Scandinavian sources among the 12 biggest cities of Kievan Rus' or Ancient Rus' were Novgorod, Kiev, Polotsk, Smolensk, Murom and Rostov.^[9]

Through trade and cultural contact with Byzantine Empire, the Slavic culture of the Rus' adopted gradually the Eastern Orthodox religion. Many sources say that Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev were destroyed by the Mongol Empire. After the Mongol invasion the Muscovite Rus' arose, over all this time, western Russia and the various Rus' regions had strong cultural contacts with the Byzantine Empire, while the Slavic culture was cultivated all the time.^[10] The elements of East Slavic paganism and Christianity overlapped each other and sometimes produced even double faith in Muscovite Rus'.^[11]

الاقتصاد

In 2022 the GRDP of European Russia was around ₽100 trillion (US$1.4 trillion).^[12]

التطابق مع التقسيمات الإدارية

The following Federal districts of Russia are wholly or partly European:

Name of district		المساحة (كم²)	Population (2023)	Population density	GRDP (2022)	ملاحظات القارة
	Central Federal District	650,200	40,198,659^[1]	59.658	₽47.368 trillion ($678 billion)^[12]	أوروپا
	North Caucasian Federal District	170,400	10,251,083^[1]	56.58	₽3.111 trillion (45 مليار $)^[12]	أوروپا
	Northwestern Federal District	1,687,000	13,840,352^[1]	8.25	₽18.929 تريليون (271 مليار $)^[12]	أوروپا
	Southern Federal District^{[note 1]}	447,900	16,624,081^[1]	33.46	₽9.816 trillion (140 مليار $)^[12]	أوروپا
	Volga Federal District	1,037,000	28,540,832^[1]	28.63	₽19.664 trillion ($281 billion)^[12]	معظمها أوروپا
	Ural Federal District	1,818,500	12,262,205^[1]	6.86	₽20.073 trillion ($287 billion)^[12]	معظمها أوروپا - أوروپا
	Sum of 6 Federal Districts^{[note 2]}	3,995,200	109,455,000^[1]	27.22	₽98.890 trillion ($1415 billion)^[12]	معظمها أوروپا
^ Includes the جمهورية القرم and the city of Sevastopol, which are both de facto administrated by Russia but considered part of Ukraine by most other states. ^ Does not account for the following: Volga Federal District has 4 raions entirely in Asia, one raion mostly in Asia, one raion bisected between Europe and Asia, two cities bisected between Europe and Asia and one settlement fully in Asia, which amount to 280,000 people living in 30,000 km² in Asia (as defined as east of the Ural River). Ural Federal District has roughly 200,000 people living in 1,700 كم² في أوروبا (غرب نهر أورال).

معرض الصور

ملف:خريطة عثمانية1.JPG

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

^ Turkey is only partially in Europe, in East Thrace, which has a population of about 12 million.

الهامش

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ ^د Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2024 г. и в среднем за 2023 г. и компоненты ее изменения, https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/OkPopul_Comp2024_Site.xlsx
^ Source: PPPs and exchange rates. "Conversion rates - Purchasing power parities (PPP) - OECD Data". Data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
^ "Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года". rosstat.gov.ru.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Vishnevsky, Anatoly (15 August 2000). "Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia?" (PDF). EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON POLICY RESPONSES TO POPULATION AGEING AND POPULATION DECLINE /UN/POP/PRA/2000/14. United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. pp. 6, 10. Retrieved 2008-01-14. خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صالح؛ الاسم "Vishnevsky" معرف أكثر من مرة بمحتويات مختلفة.
^ "Estimated population of selected European countries in 2023". Statista. Jul 4, 2023. Retrieved Aug 24, 2023.
^ "Khazar | people". Encyclopædia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-12-19.
^ Reuter, Timothy (2015). The New Cambridge medieval history. Vol. 3. Fouracre, Paul; McKitterick, Rosamond; Reuter, Timothy; Luscombe, D. E. (David Edward); Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 1938-2016; Abulafia, David (First paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 496–500. ISBN 9781107449060. OCLC 945367493.
^ "Early East Slavic Tribes in Russia". Study.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-12-19.
^ "Ancient Rus: trade and crafts: History of Russian trade and crafts: Business & Law: Russia-InfoCentre". www.russia-ic.com. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
^ Orthodox Russia: belief and practice under the tsars. Kivelson, Valerie A. (Valerie Ann), Greene, Robert H., 1975-. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2003. ISBN 027102349X. OCLC 50960735.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ Orthodox Russia: belief and practice under the tsars. Kivelson, Valerie A. (Valerie Ann), Greene, Robert H., 1975-. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2003. p. 146. ISBN 027102349X. OCLC 50960735.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ ^د Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 1998-2022 гг., rosstat.gov.ru, https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx

الكلمات الدالة:

[Crimea-14] Includes the جمهورية القرم and the city of Sevastopol, which are both de facto administrated by Russia but considered part of Ukraine by most other states.

[Sum-15] Does not account for the following:
Volga Federal District has 4 raions entirely in Asia, one raion mostly in Asia, one raion bisected between Europe and Asia, two cities bisected between Europe and Asia and one settlement fully in Asia, which amount to 280,000 people living in 30,000 km² in Asia (as defined as east of the Ural River).
Ural Federal District has roughly 200,000 people living in 1,700 كم² في أوروبا (غرب نهر أورال).

[6] Turkey is only partially in Europe, in East Thrace, which has a population of about 12 million.

[:0-1] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ ^د Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2024 г. и в среднем за 2023 г. и компоненты ее изменения, https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/OkPopul_Comp2024_Site.xlsx

[2] Source: PPPs and exchange rates. "Conversion rates - Purchasing power parities (PPP) - OECD Data". Data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2022-03-09.

[3] "Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года". rosstat.gov.ru.

[Vishnevsky-4] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Vishnevsky, Anatoly (15 August 2000). "Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia?" (PDF). EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON POLICY RESPONSES TO POPULATION AGEING AND POPULATION DECLINE /UN/POP/PRA/2000/14. United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. pp. 6, 10. Retrieved 2008-01-14. خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صالح؛ الاسم "Vishnevsky" معرف أكثر من مرة بمحتويات مختلفة.

[5] "Estimated population of selected European countries in 2023". Statista. Jul 4, 2023. Retrieved Aug 24, 2023.

[7] "Khazar | people". Encyclopædia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-12-19.

[8] Reuter, Timothy (2015). The New Cambridge medieval history. Vol. 3. Fouracre, Paul; McKitterick, Rosamond; Reuter, Timothy; Luscombe, D. E. (David Edward); Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 1938-2016; Abulafia, David (First paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 496–500. ISBN 9781107449060. OCLC 945367493.

[9] "Early East Slavic Tribes in Russia". Study.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-12-19.

[10] "Ancient Rus: trade and crafts: History of Russian trade and crafts: Business & Law: Russia-InfoCentre". www.russia-ic.com. Retrieved 2019-03-20.

[11] Orthodox Russia: belief and practice under the tsars. Kivelson, Valerie A. (Valerie Ann), Greene, Robert H., 1975-. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2003. ISBN 027102349X. OCLC 50960735.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[12] Orthodox Russia: belief and practice under the tsars. Kivelson, Valerie A. (Valerie Ann), Greene, Robert H., 1975-. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2003. p. 146. ISBN 027102349X. OCLC 50960735.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

[GDP-13] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ ^د Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 1998-2022 гг., rosstat.gov.ru, https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx

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v t e تقسيمات روسيا
الكيانات الفدرالية
الجمهوريات	أديگيا ألطاي بشكرتوستان بورياتيا الشيشان تشوفاشيا داغستان إنگوشتيا كبردينو - بلقاريا كالميكيا قرة تشاي - شركسيا كارليا خقاسيا كومي ماري إل موردوفيا أوستيا الشمالية - ألانيا سخا تتارستان توفا اودمورتيا
كرايات	ألطاي كامتشاتكا خبروڤسك كراسنودار كراسنويارسك پـِرم پريمورسكي ستاڤروپول زبايكالسكي
الأوبلاستات	آمور أرخانگلسك أستراخان بلگورود بريانسك تشليابينسك إركوتسك إيڤانوڤو كاليننگراد كالوگا كِمِروڤو كيروڤ كوستروما كورگان كورسك لنينگراد ليپتسك مگدان موسكو مورمانسك نژني نوڤگورود نوڤگورود نوڤوسيبيرسك اومسك اورنبورگ اوريول بنزا بسكوڤ روستوڤ ريازان سخالين سمارا ساراتوڤ سمولنسك سڤردلوڤسك تامبوڤ تومسك تولا تڤِر تيومن اوليانوڤسك ڤلاديمير ڤولگوگراد ڤولوگدا ڤورونيژ ياروسلاڤل
المدن الاتحادية	موسكو سانت پطرسبورگ
الحكم الذاتي	منطقة يهودية
الاُكروگات ذاتية	تشوكوتكا خانتي-مانسي¹ ننتسيا² ياماليا¹
¹تابعة ادارياً لاُبلاست تيومن ² تابعة ادارياً لاُبلاست أرخانگلسك المناطق الفدرالية: الوسطى الشرق الأقصى شمال غربية السيبيرية الجنوبية الأورالية پريڤولجسكي (ڤولگا)