جون هنري پوينتنگ
جون هنري پوينتنگ | |
|---|---|
John Poynting | |
 جون هنري پوينتنگ (1852-1914) | |
| وُلِدَ | 9 سبتمبر 1852 |
| توفي | 30 مارس 1914 (aged 61) برمنگهام، إنگلترة |
| القومية | إنگليزي |
| المدرسة الأم | جامعة كمبردج جامعة مانشستر |
| عـُرِف بـ | متجه پوينتنگ تأثير پوينتنگ مبرهنة پوينتنگ تأثير پوينتنگ-روبرتسون |
| الجوائز | جائزة أدمز (1893) جائزة هوپكنز (1893) الوسام الملكي (1905) |
| السيرة العلمية | |
| المجالات | فيزيائي |
| الهيئات | كلية ميسون للعلوم، جامعة برمنگهام |
| المشرفون الأكاديميون | جيمس كلرك ماكسوِل |
| أبرز الطلاب | فرانسس وليام آستون |
| أثـَّر عليه | Edward Routh |
| التوقيع | |
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جون هنري پوينتنگ John Henry Poynting (عاش 9 سبتمبر 1852 - 30 مارس 1914[2][3])، فيزيائي إنجليزي . كان أول أستاذ للفيزياء في كلية ميسون للعلوم من 1880 إلى 1900، ثم في الهيئة التعليمية التالية، جامعة برمنگهام حتى وفاته.[4]
قدم مبرهنة بإسمه (1884-1885) تعطي قيمة لمعدل سريان الطاقة الكهرومغناطيسية، يُعرف بإسم متجه پوينتنگ.
النشأة والتعليم
Poynting was the youngest son of Thomas Elford Poynting, a Unitarian minister. He was born at the parsonage of the Monton Unitarian Chapel in Eccles, Lancashire, where his father served as minister from 1846 to 1878. In his boyhood, he was educated at the nearby school operated by his father. From 1867 to 1872, he attended Owens College, now the University of Manchester, where his physics teachers included Osborne Reynolds and Balfour Stewart. From 1872 to 1876 he was a student at the University of Cambridge, where he attained high honours in mathematics after taking grinds with Edward Routh.
السيرة
ذكراه
Alfred J. Lotka was among Poynting's most famous students, being inspired by Poynting to apply the ideas of physical chemistry to biology. Lotka dedicated his classic book on mathematical population biology to Poynting. Poynting predicted the 'Poynting-Robertson effect', whereby a particle of dust orbiting a star experiences a drag force which makes it spiral slowly into the star. Howard P. Robertson later restated the prediction using general relativity. Poynting also founded and is the namesake of the popular student society at the University of Birmingham, 'The Poynting Physical Society' or PPS.[5]
Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honour, as is the main physics building at the University of Birmingham and the departmental society there, the Poynting Physical Society. He is credited with coining the expression "greenhouse effect" in 1909 to explain how infrared-absorbing trace gasses such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the surface temperature of Earth and Mars.[6]
أعمال ج. هـ. پوينتنگ
- 1884 A Comparison of the Fluctuations in the Price of Wheat and in the Cotton and Silk Imports into Great Britain, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society; 47, 1884, pp. 34–64
- 1911 A Text-book of Physics: volume III: Heat London, C. Griffin
- 1913 The earth; its shape, size, weight and spin Cambridge University Press
- 1914 A Text-book of Physics: Electricity and Magnetism. Pts. I and II: Static electricity and magnetism London, C. Griffin
- 1920 Collected Scientific Papers Cambridge University Press
فوهتان على سطحي المريخ والقمر يحملان اسمه تكريماً له، كما يحمل اسمه مبنى الفيزياء الرئيسي في جامعة برمنگهام وجمعية القِسم هناك، جمعية پوينتنگ الفيزيائية.
الهامش
- ^ Blue Plaques at www.ioppublishing.co.uk
- ^ GRO Register of Births: DEC 1852 8c 391 BARTON - John Henry Poynting, mmn = unknown
- ^ GRO Register of Deaths: MAR 1914 6d 128 KING'S N. - John Henry Poynting, aged 61
- ^ "History of the School of Physics and Astronomy".
- ^ "Poynting Physical Society". Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Poynting, J.H. (1907). "LXXIV. On Prof. Lowell's method for evaluating the surface-temperatures of the planets; with an attempt to represent the effect of day and night on the temperature of the earth". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 14 (84): 749–760. doi:10.1080/14786440709463737.
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