قائمة حكام قرة قويونلو

ملك التركمان
ملك التركمان
	تمغة قبيلة يي‌وا
	آخر حاكم; مرزا يوسف بگ; 1468 – 1469
التفاصيل
الأسلوب	خان; سلطان; أمير; پاديشاه;
أول عاهل	بيرم خواجة خان (1351–1380)
آخر عاهل	مرزا يوسف بگ (1468–1469)
التشكيل	1374
الإلغاء	1468

"القرة قويونلو” (Al-i Qara Qoyunlu) و“قرة يوسفيان” (Qara Yusifiyyān)^[1]^[2](Azerbaijani: Al-i Qara Qoyunlu or Qara Yusifiyyan آلِ قَرَا قَوْیونلو قَرَا یوسِفِیّان)^[3] The ruling family of the Qara Qoyunlu descended from the Yıwa tribe of the Oghuz Turks, specifically, the Baharlu tribe.^[4] that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia, northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468. At the same time, they strengthened the Turkic identity of the region by giving Azerbaijan and the Fars region a Turkic identity linguistically and ethnically.^[5]^[6]^[7]

الألقاب

The Qara Qoyunlu dynasty usually introduced itself in official and written sources as "Baharlu tribe", "Qara Qoyunlu people" or "Turcoman". They were from the Baharlu tribe, which belonged to the Yiva tribe of the Oghuz, and they emphasized this affiliation.^[8]

The Qara Qoyunlu rulers often referred to themselves with titles such as "sahibqıran", "sultan", "emir" or "hökmdar-ı Türkmen" (King of Turcoman) and especially tried to emphasize their Turcoman identity. For example, the ruler Qara Yusif and his son Sultan Jahan shah openly expressed their attachment to Turkism in their poems and documents.^[9]^[10]

Additionally, in 15th-century sources they were also referred to as "Turcoman beys", "rulers of the Turcoman people". These expressions reflect both their ethnic affiliation and the state structure based on tribal confederation.

حكام قرة قويونلو

Titular Name	Personal Name	Reign
Bey بیگ	Bayram Khwaja بیرم خواجہ	1374 – 1378 C.E.
Bey بیگ	Qara Muhammad Turemish (Nephew of Bairam Khwaja) قرا محمد ترمش	1378 – 1388 C.E.
Bey بیگ Abu Nasr ابو النصر	Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Qara Muhammad قرا یوسف نوین بن محمد	1388 – 1394 C.E.
Amir Timur invades Kara Koyunlu (1394 – 1405 C.E.)
Bey بیگ Abu Nasr ابو النصر	Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Qara Muhammad قرا یوسف نوین بن محمد	1405 – 1420 C.E.
Bey بیگ	Qara Iskander ibn Yusuf قرا اسکندر بن یوسف	1420 – 1436 C.E.
Bey بیگ	Abu Said Busat ابوسعید	1430 – 1430 C.E.
Bey بیگ	Ispend bin Yusuf اسپند بن یوسف	1420 – 1445 C.E.
Bey بیگ Muzaffar-al-Din مظفرالدین	Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf جہاں شاہ ابن یوسف	1436- 1447 C.E.
Shahrukh's death and beginning of the Timurid war of succession (1447- 1459 C.E.)
Bey بیگ Muzaffar-al-Din مظفرالدین	Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf جہاں شاہ ابن یوسف	1447- 1467 C.E.
Bey بیگ	Hasan Ali ibn Jahan Shah حسن علی ابن جہاں شاہ	1467 – 1468 C.E.
Bey بیگ	Mirza Yusuf	1468 – 1469 C.E.
Conquest by the Aq Qoyunlu.

Yellow Shaded row signifies Progenitor of Qara Qoyunlu dynasty.
Pink Shaded row signifies Qara Qoyunlu rulers under Timurid vassalage.

شجرة عائلة قرة قويونلو

المراجع

^ Jean Aubin, “Qara-Yusuf, fondateur de la dynastie des Qara-Qoyunlu” — Studia Iranica, 1973
^ H. R. Roemer, “The Turkmen Dynasties” — The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6.
^ Javadi, Hasan; Burrill, Kathleen (1988). "Azerbaijan". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 251–255. ISBN 978-0-71009-115-4. The 15th century saw the beginning of a more important period in the history of the Azeri Turkish literature. The position of the literary language was reinforced under the Qarāqoyunlu (r. 1400–68), who had their capital in Tabriz. Jahānšāh (r. 1438–68) himself wrote lyrical poems in Turkish using the pen name of 'Ḥaqiqi.'
^ Peter B. Golden (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. pp. 367–368.
^ Kouymjian 2004, p. 4.
^ "Kara Koyunlu | History, Meaning, & Capital | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
^ Bosworth, Clifford E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Columbia University Press. P.274
^ Woods, John E. The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire. University of Utah Press, 1999. Ep 23-27 and 52-54 ISBN 9780874805654.
^ Minorsky, Vladimir. "The Qara Qoyunlu and the Qutluq-Khanids." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1955, pp. 73–89.
^ Bertels, E.E. Studies on Azerbaijani Literature in the Safavid Period. (Trans. Mehmet Kanar). Istanbul: Ministry of Culture Publications, 1996

[1] Jean Aubin, “Qara-Yusuf, fondateur de la dynastie des Qara-Qoyunlu” — Studia Iranica, 1973

[2] H. R. Roemer, “The Turkmen Dynasties” — The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6.

[3] Javadi, Hasan; Burrill, Kathleen (1988). "Azerbaijan". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 251–255. ISBN 978-0-71009-115-4. The 15th century saw the beginning of a more important period in the history of the Azeri Turkish literature. The position of the literary language was reinforced under the Qarāqoyunlu (r. 1400–68), who had their capital in Tabriz. Jahānšāh (r. 1438–68) himself wrote lyrical poems in Turkish using the pen name of 'Ḥaqiqi.'

[4] Peter B. Golden (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. pp. 367–368.

[FOOTNOTEKouymjian20044-5] Kouymjian 2004, p. 4.

[:2-6] "Kara Koyunlu | History, Meaning, & Capital | Britannica". www.britannica.com.

[7] Bosworth, Clifford E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Columbia University Press. P.274

[8] Woods, John E. The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire. University of Utah Press, 1999. Ep 23-27 and 52-54 ISBN 9780874805654.

[9] Minorsky, Vladimir. "The Qara Qoyunlu and the Qutluq-Khanids." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1955, pp. 73–89.

[10] Bertels, E.E. Studies on Azerbaijani Literature in the Safavid Period. (Trans. Mehmet Kanar). Istanbul: Ministry of Culture Publications, 1996

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