محمد بن ثاني

(تم التحويل من Mohammed bin Thani)
Mohammed bin Thani
Emir of Qatar
العهد1851–18 December 1878
تبعهJassim bin Mohammed Al Thani
وُلِد1788
Fuwayrit, First Saudi State
توفي18 ديسمبر 1878(1878-12-18) (aged 90)[1]
Doha, Qatar
الدفن
Doha, Qatar
الزوجNoura al-Kuwari of Al-Mansouri Family
الأنجالJassim bin Mohammed Al Thani
Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Thani
Fahad bin Mohammed Al Thani
Eid bin Mohammed Al Thani
Thamir bin Mohammed Al Thani
Jaber bin Mohammed Al Thani
Rowda bint Mohammed Al Thani
Mouza bint Mohammed Al Thani
الاسم الكامل
Mohammed ibn Thani ibn Mohammed ibn Thamir ibn Ali ibn Saif ibn Mohammed ibn Rashid ibn Ali ibn Sultan ibn Bareed ibn Saad ibn Salem ibn Amr ibn Mihadd ibn Rays ibn Zakher ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wahib ibn Qasim ibn Musa ibn Masoud ibn Uqbah ibn Snai ibn Nahshel ibn Shaddad ibn Zuhair ibn Shihab ibn Rabi'a ibn Abu Soud ibn Malik ibn Hanzala
Arabicمحمد بن ثاني
الأسرةThani
الأبThani bin Mohammed
Styles of
The Emir of Qatar
أسلوب الإشارةHis Highness
أسلوب المخاطبةYour Highness
أسلوب بديلSheikh

Mohammed bin Thani (عربية: محمد بن ثاني; 1788ح. 1788 – 18 December 1878), also known as Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir (عربية: محمد بن ثاني بن محمد آل ثامر), was the first ruler from the House of Thani to rule the whole Qatari Peninsula,[2] officially being recognized by the British in September 1868 following a meeting with British representative Lewis Pelly.[3] He is known for being the father of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, the founder of Qatar and who fended off the Ottoman army in the late 19th century.[4]

Biography

Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani was born in Fuwayrit, Qatar, by his father and predecessor to the throne, Sheikh Thani bin Mohammad[5] with Sheikh Mohammed being the second eldest son of his father, along with his four siblings.[4]

It was not until Mohammed bin Thani and his family moved from Fuwayrit to Al Bidda in 1848 that he began to exert influence over the peninsula. Prior to this migration, each tribe and settlement had its independent leader, and there was no documented instance of their unification in battle. The concept of a unified land or nation was not present. However, with Mohammed bin Thani's arrival, Qatar began to gain significant economic and political weight, albeit while still remaining under Bahrain's suzerainty.[6][4]

In 1851, Mohammed bin Thani found himself in the midst of a conflict between Faisal bin Turki, Imam of the Emirate of Najd, and Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, ruler of Bahrain. Faisal had long sought to gain control of Bahrain and had previously attempted, and failed, to invade the island.[7] In May 1851, Faisal launched his third attempt to capture Bahrain, ordering his forces to proceed towards Al Bidda, Qatar, which was intended to be used as a staging area for an invasion of Bahrain. In response, Ali bin Khalifa, the Bahraini representative in Qatar, called on all men of fighting age to defend Al Bidda, as well as sending for help from Saeed bin Tahnun Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi. Mohammed bin Thani served as one of the leaders of the Qatari forces, alongside his son.[8]

Qatari and allied forces were embroiled in three days of heavy fighting with Faisal's forces in the Battle of Mesaimeer from 2 June to 4 June 1851. On the second day, the Bahraini and Abu Dhabi forces retreated to their ships, refusing to render further aid to the Qataris. Shortly after the battle ended, Mohammed bin Thani negotiated a separate peace agreement with Faisal in which he agreed to be under Wahhabi governance provided that he remains chief of Al Bidda, which Faisal agreed.[9] On 8 June, Qatari forces under the leadership of Mohammed bin Thani assumed control of Burj Al-Maah, a watchtower guarding Doha's main water source, close to Al Bidda Fort where the allied forces of Ali bin Khalifa and Saeed bin Tahnoun were stationed. Upon hearing the news, they fled to Bahrain without incident, much to the dismay of Faisal who admonished Mohammed bin Thani for not capturing them.[10]

On 25 July 1851, Saeed bin Tahnun successfully negotiated a treaty between the Bahrainis and Wahhabis, in which the Bahrainis would pay an annual zakat to Faisal in exchange for his renouncement of any claims to Qatar and return of Al Bidda to the chieftainship of Ali bin Khalifa. Mohammed bin Thani, as party to this agreement, agreed to relinquish his position.[11]

The battle created political enmity between Qatar and Bahrain which contributed to the Qatari–Bahraini War in 1867 and Qatar's subsequent emergence as an independent political entity, which came to fruition on 12 September 1868 with the signing of a treaty between Mohammad bin Thani and the British representative Lewis Pelly.[12]

In 1871, Sheikh Mohammed made a plea for protection against any external attack to the Ottomans at Al Hasa. However, the Ottomans were the ones who displayed hostility to the Qataris in the same decade of his plea.[4]

Death

Sheikh Mohammed died of natural causes on 18 December 1878.[4] His date of death is a national day in Qatar.[citation needed]

أبناؤه

أنجب الشيخ محمد بن ثاني ثمانية أبناء، هم ستة أبناء ذكور وابنتان:

الرقم الاسم المنصب الحكومي سنة الميلاد سنة الوفاة
1 الشيخ جاسم بن محمد آل ثاني حاكم قطر (1878–1913) حوالي 1825 1913
2 الشيخ أحمد بن محمد آل ثاني حاكم الدوحة 1853 1905
3 الشيخ فهد بن محمد آل ثاني لا يوجد غير معروف تُوفي صغيرًا
4 الشيخ عيد بن محمد آل ثاني لا يوجد غير معروف تُوفي صغيرًا
5 الشيخ جابر بن محمد آل ثاني لا يوجد 1878 1934
6 الشيخ ثميم بن محمد آل ثاني لا يوجد غير معروف غير معروف
7 الشيخة روضة بنت محمد آل ثاني لا يوجد غير معروف غير معروف
8 الشيخة موزة بنت محمد آل ثاني لا يوجد غير معروف غير معروف

References

  1. ^ "Sheikh Mohammed Bin Thani | The Amiri Diwan". www.diwan.gov.qa. Retrieved 5 أكتوبر 2025.
  2. ^ "Sheikh Mohammed Bin Thani | The Amiri Diwan".
  3. ^ Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). pp. 64–65.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Shaikh Mohamed Bin Thani - Amiri Diwan". Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 7 مارس 2018.
  5. ^ Abū Nāb, Ibrāhīm (1977). Qatar: A Story of State Building. p. 85.
  6. ^ Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). p. 50.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). p. 53.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ Rahman, Habibur (2006). The Emergence Of Qatar. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-0710312136.
  9. ^ Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). p. 60.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ Rahman, Habibur (2006). The Emergence Of Qatar. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-0710312136.
  11. ^ Rahman, Habibur (2006). The Emergence Of Qatar. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 978-0710312136.
  12. ^ Al-Ali, Khalid bin Ghanem (2024). الُهَُوِّيَة الَوَطنّيّة الَقَطرّيّة [Qatari National Identity] (PDF) (in Arabic). Ministry of Culture (Qatar). pp. 64–65.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

External links

محمد بن ثاني
وُلِد: c. 1788 توفي: 18 December 1878
ألقاب ملكية
سبقه
Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir 		Emir of Qatar
1851–1876 		تبعه
Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=محمد_بن_ثاني&oldid=4268579"