سلام بازل

للاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر معاهدة بازل

سلام بازل

Peace of Basel
خريطة تبين وسط اوروبا بعد سلام بازل ومعاهدة كامپو فورميو.
السياق	End of the War of the First Coalition between France and Prussia, France and Spain, France and Hesse-Kassel
وُقـِّعت	1795
المكان	Basel, Old Swiss Confederation
الموقعون	French First Republic Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Spain Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel

سلام بازل لعام 1795 يتألف من ثلاث معاهدات سلام، كانت فرنسا طرف فيهم ومثلها فرانسوا ده بارتيلمي:

• أول المعاهدات الثلاث في 1795 (معاهدة بازل الأولى) عقدت فيها فرنسا سلاماً مع پروسيا (مثلها كارل أوگوست فون هاردن‌برگ) في 5 أبريل؛
• الثانية كانت مع إسپانيا (مثّلها دومنگو ديريارته) في 22 يوليو؛ والتي أنهت حرب الپرانس؛ و
• الثالثة كانت مع هسن-كاسل (هسه-كاسل) (مثّلها فريدريش سيگيسموند ڤايتس فون إشن) في 28 أغسطس، والتي أنهت مرحلة من الحروب الثورية الفرنسية ضد التحالف الأول.

بمكر دبلوماسي كبير، مكّنت المعاهدات فرنسا أن تهدئ وتقسّم أعداءها في التحالف الأول، الواحد تلو الآخر. ولذلك، فقد خرجت فرنسا الثورية كقوة أوروبية عظمى.

 المعاهدة بين فرنسا وپروسيا

The first treaty, on 5 April 1795 between France and Prussia, had been under discussion since 1794. Prussia withdrew from the coalition that had been working on the impending partition of Poland and, when it was appropriate, withdrew its troops aligned against Austria and Russia. (See also the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.)

In secret, Prussia recognised the French control of the west bank of the Rhine pending a cession by the Imperial Diet. France returned all of the lands east of the Rhine captured during the war. On the night of 6 April, the document was signed by the representatives of France and Prussia: François de Barthélemy and Karl August von Hardenberg. They were not face to face, each was in his own accommodation in Rosshof or the Markgräflerhof, and the papers were passed around by a courier. The treaty that ceded the left bank of the Rhine was in a secret article, along with the promise that of indemnifying the right bank if the left bank of the Rhine was covered in a final general peace in France. Peter Ochs drew up the treaty and served as a mediator for a significant proportion of these financial statements.

Prussia stuck to the agreement of the Treaty of Basel until 1806, when it joined the Fourth Coalition.

 المعاهدة بين فرنسا وإسبانيا

In the second treaty, on 22 July, Spain ceded the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo to France in exchange for keeping Gipuzkoa. The French also came at night to sign the peace treaty between France and Spain in which Spain was represented by Domingo de Iriarte, who signed the treaty in the mansion of Ochs, the Holsteinerhof. Spain would recapture the area in 1808/1809 and maintain it under a light colonial control until 1822.

Following the Haitian Revolution, the French claim to what is now the Dominican Republic would be de facto inherited by Haiti which occupied the area from 1822 to 1844. France would cede its de jure claim over the eastern part of the island to Spain in the 1814 Treaty of Paris. Owing partially to that, France refused to recognize any Haitian claim to the territory when it negotiated the Haitian independence debt and de jure recognition of Haiti's independence in 1825.

These treaties with Prussia and Spain broke the alliance between the French Republic's two main opponents of the First Coalition.

During the negotiations, France sought to re-gain Louisiana from Spain, but they were unsuccessful at achieving this in the negotiations.

 البنود الأخرى وشركاء المعاهدة

On 28 August 1795, the third treaty was completed, a peace between France and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, signed by Friedrich Sigismund Waitz von Eschen.

There was also an agreement to exchange the Austrian troops who had been captured in بلجيكا.

 انظر أيضاً

• الحروب الثورية الفرنسية: حملات 1795
• Cisrhenian Republic
• قائمة المعاهدات