إقليم طرابلس (1937-43)

Provinces of Italian Libya in 1938, showing the "Tripoli Province" next to Tunisia

إقليم طرابلس أو (بالإيطالية: Provincia di Tripoli) المفوضية العامة لإقليم طرابلس (بالإيطالية: Commissariato Generale Provinciale di Tripoli). تأسست في سنة 1937 في اطار مستعمرة ليبيا الإيطالية، وقسمت إلى 6 مقاطعات هي:

كانت معظم السكان من العرب وأقلية من البربر إضافة إلى مجموعة من السودانيين[1] واليهود. في حين تركز تواجد الإيطاليين في طرابلس ليمثلوا نصف نسبتهم في الإقليم، في العام 1943 احتلته قوات الحلفاء أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية.

تكون الإقليم جغرافيا من نصف مساحة إقليم طرابلس التاريخي تقريبا، حيث جاور من الجنوب المنطقة الجنوبية العسكرية ومن الشمال البحر المتوسط ومن الغرب مع تونس (فرنسا) ومن الشرق مع إقليم مصراتة.

The province from 1939 was considered officially part of the Kingdom of Italy, with the same laws. It was one of the 4 new Italian provinces of the so-called Quarta Sponda ("Fourth Shore") of Mussolini's Imperial Italy. Indeed, on January 9, 1939, the colony of Italian Libya was incorporated into "Metropolitan Italy" and thereafter considered an integral part of the Italian state (the French, in 1848, had incorporated French Algeria in the same manner).

In the coast of the province was built in 1937-1938 a section of the Litoranea Balbia, a road that went from Tripoli and Tunisia's frontier to the border of Egypt.

Tripoli railway station in 1940

The car tag for the Italian province of Tripoli was "TL".[2] In the province was even created the Tripoli Grand Prix, an international motor racing event first held in 1925 on a racing circuit outside Tripoli (it lasted until 1940).[3]

Tripoli had a railway station with some small railway connections to nearby cities, when in August 1941 the Italians started to build a new 1040 km railway (with a 1435 mm. gauge, like the one used in Egypt and Tunisia) between Tripoli and Benghazi.

But the war (with the defeat of the Italian Army) stopped the construction the next year. The project was stopped in the fall of 1942, leaving many infrastructures like stations and connection roads already done in the "Provincia di Tripoli".

التعداد

The indigenous population was Arab, with some berbers in the Nafusa Mountains south of Tripoli and some thousands Jews and a few Maltese[4] on the coast. The Italians colonized the coastal cities and were mainly in the capital Tripoli, where they were nearly half the inhabitants in 1940.

According to the 1936 census, which allowed citizens to declare their ethnicity, Tripoli's native population was made up of 79.1% Arabs, 9.8% Berbers, 3.4% Blacks, 1.7% Turks and 6% Others.[5]

In the province of Tripoli thousands of Italians (called "ventimilli") moved to live in 1938 and 1939 and founded some agricultural villages (like "Bianchi",[6] "Giordani", "Oliveti",[7] "Marconi", etc..).[8]

According to the 1939 Italian Census of Libya,[9] these were the main population data:

Tripoli International Fair in Tripoli, Libya.
المدينة السكان الطليان ملاحظات
Tripoli 111,124 pop. 41,304 Nearly 50,000 Italians lived in the city and surroundings: 37% of the city's inhabitants.
Castel Benito 10,759 pop. 567 Italians were nearly 5%.
Zanzur 14.408 pop. 289 Italians were nearly 2%.
Bianchi 2,854 pop. 2,854 Italian agricultural village founded in 1937 by ETL & INFPS[10]
Giordani 2,300 pop. 2,300 Italian agricultural village founded in 1938 by ETL & INFPS.
Oliveti 1,300 pop. 1,300 Italian agricultural village founded in 1938 by INFPS & ETL.
Zuavia 30,033 pop. 2,040 Italians were nearly 6%.
Sorman 13,137 pop. 262 Italians more than 2%.
Sabratha 23,407 397 Italians were 1,7%.
Zuwara 27,956 pop. 662 Italians were nearly 2%.
Castelverde 6,458 pop. 270 Italians were nearly 4%: today is called GASR GARABULLI.
Mizda 1,113 pop. - Village mostly berber.
Giado 14,466 pop. 48 Italians were 0,3%.
Nalut 20,471 pop. 126 Italians were 0,6%.

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ مصطلح "سودانيين" أطلق سابقا على المنتمين عرقيا إلى مناطق وسط وغرب أفريقيا.
  2. ^ Italian car tags (in Italian)
  3. ^ Video of Tripoli Grand Prix
  4. ^ History of the Maltese in Libya
  5. ^ Pan, Chia-Lin (1949), "The Population of Libya", Population Studies 3 (1): 121, doi:10.1080/00324728.1949.10416359 .
  6. ^ Photo of Bianchi village Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Photo of Oliveti village Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Italian colonization of northern Libya (in Italian)". Archived from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2011-12-21.
  9. ^ Guida Breve d'Italia Vol. III-Italia Meridionale e Insulare - Libia, C.T.I, Milano, 1939
  10. ^ ETL: Ente per la Colonizzazione della Libia; INFPS: Istituto Nazionale Fascista Previdenza Sociale

ملاحظات ومراجع

Guida d'Italia del TCI, Possedimenti e colonie, Milano, 1929

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