السيد البدوي
| Aḥmad al-Badawī | |
|---|---|
 Grave of Ahmad al-Badawi in Ahmad al-Badawi Mosque, Tanta, Egypt (2025) | |
| Mystic, Jurist | |
| وُلِد | 1200 CE (596 AH) Fez, Almohad Caliphate (present-day Morocco) |
| توفي | 1276 CE (674 AH) Tanta, Mamluk Sultanate (present-day Egypt) |
مكرّم في | In some versions of Sufism |
| الضريح الرئيسي | Mosque of Aḥmad al-Badawī, Tanta, Egypt |
| عيده | A few days every October (mawlid) |
Tradition/Genre | Sufi Islam (Jurisprudence: Maliki)[1][2] |
| الصوفية |
|---|
 |
  بوابة |
السيد البدوي (596هـ - 12 ربيع الأول 675هـ) هو الشيخ العلوي أحمد أبو العباس بن علي بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن أبي بكر . يرجع نسبه إلى الحسين ، ونسبه مثبت على المقصورة النحاسية التي تحيط بضريحه ، وتم عملها سنة 1186هـ . عرف بالبدوي والملثم لملازمته اللثام .
ولد في زقاق الحجر بمدينة فاس المغربية سنة 596هـ ، من أسرة علوية ، في عهد الخليفة الموحدي الناصر محمد (610هـ) . نشأ في بيئة علمية ، ثم هاجر مع أبيه إلى مكة سنة 603هـ ، وهو ابن 7 سنوات ، واستغرقت الرحلة إلى مكة 4 سنوات ، واستقر فيها من 607هـ وحتى وفاة والده سنة 627هـ .
عاد البدوي إلى مصر سنة 637هـ ، وقيل 635هـ ، بعد رحلة إلى العراق قابل فيها سيدي عبد القادر الجيلاني ، وسيدي ((أحمد الرفاعي)) . نزل البدوي بـ ” طنتدا ” . ضيفاً على أحد تجارها المياسير وهو الشيخ ركن الدين ، تاجر الزيت والعسل والعلف ، وذلك في 14 ربيع الأول 637هـ ، في عهد السلطان العادل الأيوبي بن الكامل محمد. آثر البدوي الإقامة على سطح منزل ركن الدين ما يقرب من 12 سنة لم يفارقه ، لذاك عرف بـ ” السطوحي ” . بعد موت ركن الدين ، انتقل البدوي إلى دار ابن شحيط شيخ البلدة ، وقضى فيها بقية عمره وهي 26 سنة ، حيث توفي في 12 ربيع الأول 675هـ.
History
He was born in and brought up in Fez.[3] According to several medieval chronicles, al-Badawi hailed from an Arab tribe of Syrian origin.[4] He was referred to as a Sharif as he traced his genealogy to Ali. His father was called ʿAlī al-Badrī and his mother was a North African Berber called Fatima.[5][3] A Sufi Muslim by persuasion, al-Badawi entered the Rifaʽi sufi order (founded by the renowned Shafi'i mystic and jurist Ahmad al-Rifaʽi [d. 1182]) in his early life, being initiated into the order at the hands of a particular Iraqi teacher. After a trip to Mecca, al-Badawi is said to have travelled to Iraq, "where his sainthood believed to have clearly manifested itself" through the karamat "miracles" he is said to have performed.[4] In Iraq, he visited the tombs of Adi ibn Musafir and Al-Hallaj.[6]
Eventually al-Badawi went to Tanta in the Sultanate of Egypt, where he settled for good in 1236.[4] According to the various traditional biographies of the saint's life, al-Badawi gathered forty Sufi disciples around him during this period, who are collectively said to have "dwelt on the city's rooftop terraces,"[4] whence his spiritual order were informally named the "roof men" (aṣḥāb el-saṭḥ) in the vernacular.[4] al-Sayyid al-Badawi died in Tanta in 1276, being seventy-six years old.[4]
Spiritual lineage
As with every other major Sufi order, the Badawiyya proposes an unbroken spiritual chain of transmitted knowledge going back to Muhammad through one of his Companions, which in the Badawi's case is Ali (d. 661).[7] In this regard, Idries Shah quotes al-Badawi: "Sufi schools are like waves which break upon rocks: [they are] from the same sea, in different forms, for the same purpose."[8] [9]
انظر أيضاً
- إبراهيم الدسوقي، متصوف معاصر ومؤسس الطريقة البرهانية.
- قائمة المتصوفة
References
- ^ ʿAbd al-Samad al-Miṣrī, al-Jawāhir al-saniyya fī l-karāmāt wa-l-nisba al-Aḥmadiyya, Cairo 1277/1860–1
- ^ Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen, Al-Sayyid Aḥmad al-Badawî. Un grand saint de l'Islam égyptien, Cairo 1994
- ^ أ ب Jalali-Moqaddam, Gholami. "Aḥmad al-Badawī". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةEI3 - ^ Vollers, Karl & Littmann, Enno (1960). "Aḥmad al-Badawī". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 280–281. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0402. OCLC 495469456.
- ^ The Passion of Al-Hallaj, Mystic and Martyr of Islam, Volume 2: The Survival of Al-Hallaj, Louis Massignon, 2019, pp. 448, ISBN 9780691657219
- ^ Bosworth, C.E. (1960–2005). "Rifāʿiyya". The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Galin, Müge (1997). Between East and West: Sufism in the Novels of Doris Lessing. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. xix, 5–8, 21, 40–41, 101, 115. ISBN 0-7914-3383-8.
- ^ Taji Farouki and Nafi, Basheer M., Suha (2004). Islamic Thought in the Twentieth Century. London, UK/New York, NY: I.B.Tauris Publishers. p. 123. ISBN 1-85043-751-3.
Further reading
- Al-Imām Nūruddīn Al-Halabī Al-Ahmadī, Sīrah Al-Sayyid Ahmad Al-Badawī, Published by Al-Maktabah Al-Azhariyyah Li Al-Turāth, Cairo.
- Mayeur-Jaouen, Catherine, Al-Sayyid Ahmad Al-Badawi: Un Grand Saint De L'islam egyptien, Published by Institut francais d'archeologie orientale du Caire
External links
- Pilgrimage/Carnival photos by BBC
- A short Egyptian documentary on the Mawlid of Al-Sayyid Ahmad al-Badawi
- A short biography
- Egypt: Handbook for Travellers : Part First, Lower Egypt, with the Fayum and the Peninsula of Sinai by Karl Baedeker (1885)
- Short description with empty Wikidata description
- Use dmy dates from August 2017
- Shafi'is
- Sunni Sufis
- Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
- Founders of Sufi orders
- Moroccan Sufis
- Religious leaders from Fez, Morocco
- Moroccan emigrants to Egypt
- Moroccan religious leaders
- Sufi saints
- 13th-century jurists
- 13th-century Arab people
- 13th-century Moroccan people
- 1200 births
- 1276 deaths
- Bedouins
- مغاربة
- شخصيات عربية
- متصوفة