حملة مضيق هرمز 2026

حملة مضيق هرمز 2026
النوعغارات جوية
Location
مضيق هرمز
المخطط الولايات المتحدة
الهدفالسفن والمسيرات الإيرانية
التاريخ19 مارس 2026 – الحاضر
المنفذFlag of the الولايات المتحدة Air Force الولايات المتحدة
 الولايات المتحدة
النتيجةOngoing


في 19 مارس 2026، بدأت الولايات المتحدة حملة جوية ضد أهداف إيرانية لإعادة فتح مضيق هرمز بعد إغلاقه من قبل إيران رداً على حرب إيران 2026. وقد أُعلن عن العملية كجزء من خطة لإعادة فتح الممر أمام الملاحة الدولية عبر تدمير السفن والمسيرات الإيرانية التي تستهدف الملاحة في المضيق.[1][2]

خلفية

The Iran war began on 28 February 2026 after the United States and Israel conducted airstrikes on various Iranian military targets, which included the assassination of Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran. In response, Iran closed the Strait of Hormuz to all foreign shipping. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) transmitted warnings via VHF radio to vessels in the Straits, stating that "no ship is allowed to pass the Strait of Hormuz." The British Royal Navy said that the closure was not legally binding though safety cannot be guaranteed, so several ships stayed in port or turned back.[3]

On 2 March 2026, the IRGC officially confirmed that the strait was closed to "unfriendly nations", allowing only Iran-approved vessels to pass. On 4 March, the IRGC claimed that the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy had achieved "complete control" of the strait.[4] Several Iran-approved ships have passed the strait during the conflict, mostly petroleum ships bound for China and India, some with military escort.[5][6] Iran also threatened to set fire to any other ship that passed through it.[7] In response to the closure, United States President Donald Trump said that 12 March the U.S. Navy would begin escorting oil tankers through the strait "as soon as possible."[8]

Prelude

On 15 March 2026, Donald Trump called on "countries of the world that receive oil through the Hormuz Strait" to "take care of that passage" militarily. The following day, several U.S.-aligned NATO countries rejected Trump's request, including Germany, Spain, Italy, Estonia, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Korea, and Japan, as well as the European Union. The various nations declined, citing the lack of strategic goals or reluctance to get drawn into the war. German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius said "this is not our war, we have not started it."[9][10] Trump rebuked his NATO allies, calling their decision a "very foolish mistake" and said that the United States does "not need the help of anyone" in the war.[11] On 19 March, 5 large European nations and Japan issued a statement to secure the strait after "first establishing a truce and building a multilateral naval coalition".[12] Trump later lambasted NATO, calling them "cowards," asserting that "without the U.S.A., NATO is a paper tiger."[13]

On 18 March, the United Arab Emirates declared its willingness to join a U.S.-led military effort to secure the Strait of Hormuz.[14]

Campaign

On 17 March, United States Central Command (CENTCOM) announced that it had employed multiple GBU-72 5,000-pound penetrator munitions on underground missile silos along the Iranian coast near the strait. The munitions penetrated layers of rock and concrete to destroy underground bunkers which stored Iran's many cruise missiles and unused anti-ship missiles.[15][16][17]

On 19 March, General Dan Caine announced that the U.S. was deploying A-10 Thunderbolt II jets to strike "fast-attack watercraft" and Boeing AH-64 Apache gunships to "handle one-way attack drones" in an attempt to open the Strait of Hormuz. CENTCOM subsequently published footage showing U.S. strikes "destroying Iranian naval assets that threaten international shipping in and near the Strait of Hormuz."[18][19] In the same day, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and United Kingdom declared their support to contribuite in the efforts to open the Strait of Hormuz.[20] Also did the European Union.[21]

On 20 March, Iran claimed that 16 commercial boats in the port of Bandar Lengeh "were completely burned" by U.S.–Israeli strikes.[18] Trump announced that "The Hormuz Strait will have to be guarded and policed, as necessary, by other Nations who use it — The United States does not! If asked, we will help these countries in their Hormuz efforts, but it shouldn’t be necessary once Iran’s threat is eradicated."[22] Officials said that the U.S. military is dispatching 2,500 additional marines to the Middle East, who are trained to conduct amphibious landings. It has been speculated that the marines could be used to militarily seize Kharg Island, whose military facilities the U.S. had bombed earlier, leaving most oil infrastructure intact.[16]

A total of 22 countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates, signed a statement declaring their willingness to "contribute to appropriate efforts to ensure safe passage" in the Strait of Hormuz, and that preparations were underway.[23]

On 21 March, President Trump issued an ultimatum to Iran, demanding it to "fully open, without threat" the Strait of Hormuz within 48 hours, threatening to otherwise strike Iranian power plants, "with the biggest one first."[24] In response, Iran doubled down, threatening to "completely" close the Strait of Hormuz and strike vital infrastructure across the region such as energy and desalination facilities critical for drinking water.[25] Iranian opposition figure crown prince Reza Pahlavi called on Trump and Netanyahu "to continue targeting the regime and its apparatus of repression, while sparing the civilian infrastructure Iranians will need to rebuild our country."[26]

Reactions

On 21 March, the Houthis in Yemen warned that it would respond to any escalation against Iran, including efforts to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. It specifically warned the two Arab countries offering to join the Strait of Hormuz campaign—Bahrain and the UAE—that they "will be the first to lose in this battle."[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kevin Gordon; David S. Cloud; Lara Seligman (2026-03-20). "U.S. War Planes and Helicopters Kick Off Battle to Reopen Hormuz". The Wall Street Journal (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  2. ^ Kevin Liptak; Alayna Treene; Zachary Cohen; Natasha Bertrand; Jim Sciutto (2026-03-20). "US furiously seeks to avert potential monthslong closure of Strait of Hormuz". CNN (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  3. ^ "Iran closes Strait of Hormuz after US-Israel strikes, reports say". The Independent (in الإنجليزية). 2026-02-28. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  4. ^ "Iran's IRGC say they have 'complete control' over Strait of Hormuz". The Times of Israel (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). AFP. 2026-03-04. ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  5. ^ "Iran is Making Unimpeded Use of the Strait of Hormuz". The Maritime Executive (in الإنجليزية). 15 March 2026.
  6. ^ "India and Pakistan Offering Escorts as Ships Pass Through Strait of Hormuz". The Maritime Executive (in الإنجليزية). 16 March 2026.
  7. ^ "Iran threatens to set ships on fire if they enter Strait of Hormuz". Global News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  8. ^ Kimball, Spencer (2026-03-12). "Energy Secretary Wright says U.S. 'not ready' to escort oil tankers through Strait of Hormuz yet". CNBC (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  9. ^ "'Not our war': U.S. allies balk at Trump's Strait of Hormuz demands". NBC News (in الإنجليزية). 2026-03-16. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  10. ^ "Trump says Nato making 'foolish mistake' over Iran". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 2026-03-18. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  11. ^ Holland, Steve (17 March 2026). "Trump says NATO's refusal to help on Iran is "very foolish mistake"". Reuters. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  12. ^ "As U.S. Applies Force in Hormuz, European Powers Support Post-War Security". The Maritime Executive (in الإنجليزية). 19 March 2026. readiness to contribute to appropriate efforts to ensure safe passage through the strait
  13. ^ "Trump calls NATO "cowards" over lack of support in Iran war". Reuters. 20 March 2026. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  14. ^ "Israel Iran War: UAE could join any US-led effort to secure Strait of Hormuz, says senior official". The Economic Times. 2026-03-18. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  15. ^ "CENTCOM: US strikes Iranian missile site in Strait of Hormuz | The Jerusalem Post". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com (in الإنجليزية). 2026-03-18. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  16. ^ أ ب Cooper, Luke BroadwaterHelene; Washington, Eric Schmitt (2026-03-20). "A Look at the Escalating Battle for the Strait of Hormuz". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-03-21.
  17. ^ "U.S. Hits Iran's Antiship Missile Sites in the Strait of Hormuz". The Maritime Executive (in الإنجليزية). 17 March 2026.
  18. ^ أ ب "US deploys A-10s, Apaches to reopen Strait of Hormuz". The Jerusalem Post (in الإنجليزية). 2026-03-20. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  19. ^ Schmitt, Eric (2026-03-20). "U.S. Military Ramps Up Assaults on Iranian Drones and Vessels to Clear Strait of Hormuz". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  20. ^ "Cinco países europeos y Japón se abren a contribuir a los esfuerzos para garantizar el paso por Ormuz". infobae (in الإسبانية). 2026-03-19. Retrieved 2026-03-21.
  21. ^ "La Unión Europea avaló que algunos países contribuyan a desbloquear el estrecho de Ormuz". infobae (in الإسبانية). 2026-03-20. Retrieved 2026-03-21.
  22. ^ Rasgon, Adam; Schmitt, Eric; Regalado, Francesca; Levenson, Michael (2026-03-20). "U.S. Attacks Iranian Targets to Try to Open Strait of Hormuz". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-03-20.
  23. ^ "Update from Euan Ward". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2026-03-21. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-03-21.
  24. ^ "Update from David E. Sanger". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2026-03-22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-03-22.
  25. ^ "Iran threatens to 'completely' close Strait of Hormuz and hit power plants after Trump's ultimatum". AP News (in الإنجليزية). 2026-03-22. Retrieved 2026-03-22.
  26. ^ "Exiled prince Pahlavi urges US, Israel to spare Iran civilian infrastructure". www.iranintl.com (in الإنجليزية). 2026-03-22. Retrieved 2026-03-22.
  27. ^ Magdy, Samy (21 March 2026). "Houthi rebels say they will respond to any escalation against Iran". AP News (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2026-03-21.
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