ريتشارد بريور

هذا المقال هو عن the stand-up comedian. إذا كنت تريد the broadcaster and humorist، انظر Cactus Pryor. إذا كنت تريد the album، انظر Richard Pryor (album).

Richard Pryor
Pryor in 1974
اسم الميلاد	Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor
وُلد	(1940-12-01)ديسمبر 1, 1940 Peoria, Illinois, U.S.
توفي	ديسمبر 10, 2005(2005-12-10) (aged 65) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
المجال	Stand-up film television
الأنواع	Observational comedy black comedy improvisational comedy sketch comedy racial humor
الموضوع	African-American culture American politics race relations sex pop culture self-deprecation recreational drug use
الرفيق	Patricia Price ​ ​ (m. 1960; div. 1961)​ Shelley R. Bonus ​ ​ (m. 1967; div. 1969)​ Deborah McGuire ​ ​ (m. 1977; div. 1978)​ Jennifer Lee ​ ​ (m. 1981; div. 1982)​ ​ ​ (m. 2001)​ Flynn Belaine ​ ​ (m. 1986; div. 1987)​ ​ ​ (m. 1990; div. 1991)​
الموقع الإلكتروني	richardpryor.com

ريتشارد بريور (1 ديسمبر 1940 - 10 ديسمبر 2005) هو ممثل كوميدي أمريكي، أحد أوائل السود الذين ادوا ادوار فكاهية.

 حياته

ريتشارد بريور

كان بريور واحدا من الممثلين السود الأمريكيين الأكثر شعبية من ممثلي جيله في السبعينيات والثمانينات، ثم قلص من نشاطاته لأسباب صحية بدءاً من 1986. يعد بروير الذي توفى نتيجة أزمة قلبية في كاليفورنيا، واحدا من أطرف الممثلين الهزليين السود الأمريكيين. فبروير الذي لمع نجمه إلى جانب إدي مرفي الذي يدين له بالكثير، اكتشف المسرح في طفولته. ففي السابعة من عمرة، كان يقرع الطبل خلال حفلات مرتجلة في احدى علب الليل في مدينته بيوريا التي انطلق منها لويس امسترونغ وكاونتبيزي.

وفي العشرين من عمره، اوقف دروسه في ثانوية بيوريا التي ولد فيها في الأول من ديسمبر 1940، وبعد تأدية الخدمة العسكرية، بدأ بريور يجوب الولايات المتحدة وكندا بصفته ممثلا هزليا.

وبعدما ذاع صيته، توالت عليه الدعوات للمشاركة في البرامج التلفزيونية لكل من اد سولفيان وجوني كرسون.

وفي عام 1976، بدأ العمل في السينما في فلم "ذي بيزي بادي" لوليام كاسل، مع آن باكستر وروبرت ريات وسيد سيزر. وبعد خمس سنوات، ادى دور عازف البيانو في فليم "لايدي سينغر ذي بلوز" لمخرجه سيدي جي. فيوري. وفي عام 1973، شارك بريور ، ميل بروكز في كتابة فليم "الشريف في السجن" الذي استحق بسببه جائزة غليد للمؤلفين الأمريكين والاكاديمية الأمريكية. وفي 1989 شارك في بطولة "لسنا نحن، لسنا نحن" لآثر ميلر مع جين وايلدر، و"ليالي هارلم" لمخرجه والممثل فيه ادي مورفي.

 قصته مع المرض

لكن مشاكل صحية ارغمته على أحد من نشاطاته في 1986، وكان اصيب بحروق 1980. وفي 1991، اجريت له عملية جراحية في القلب، وكان ظهوره السينمائي الأخير في فليم "لوست هاواي" لديفيد لينش 1997، حيث ادي دوره على كرسي متحرك.

 وفاته

توفي في 10 ديسمبر 2005 في كاليفورنيا كما أعلنت زوجته. وقد توفي في أحد مستشفيات انسينو التي تبعد 30 كليو مترا عن لوس انجلوس.

 فيلموجرافيا

 الأفلام

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1967	The Busy Body	Lt. Whitaker	Film debut
1968	Wild in the Streets	Stanley X
1969	Uncle Tom's Fairy Tales	Unknown	Also writer; uncompleted/unreleased
1970	Carter's Army	Pvt. Jonathan Crunk	TV film
	The Phynx	Himself	Cameo
1971	You've Got to Walk It Like You Talk It or You'll Lose That Beat	Wino
	Live & Smokin'	Himself	Stand-up film; also writer
	Dynamite Chicken
1972	Lady Sings the Blues	Piano Man
1973	The Mack	Slim
	Some Call It Loving	Jeff
	Hit!	Mike Willmer
	Wattstax	Himself / Host
1974	Blazing Saddles		Co-writer
	Uptown Saturday Night	Sharp Eye Washington
1975	Adiós Amigo	Sam Spade
1976	The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings	Charlie Snow, All-Star (RF)
	Car Wash	Daddy Rich
	Silver Streak	Grover T. Muldoon
1977	Greased Lightning	Wendell Scott
	Which Way Is Up?	Leroy Jones / Rufus Jones / Reverend Lenox Thomas	Triple roles
1978	Blue Collar	Zeke Brown
	The Wiz	Herman Smith (The Wiz)
	California Suite	Dr. Chauncey Gump
1979	Richard Pryor: Live in Concert	Himself	Stand-up film; also writer
	The Muppet Movie	Balloon Vendor	Cameo
1980	Wholly Moses!	Pharaoh
	In God We Tru$t	G.O.D.
	Stir Crazy	Harold "Harry" Monroe
1981	Bustin' Loose	Joe Braxton	Also producer and writer (story)
1982	Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip	Himself	Stand-up film; also producer and writer
	Some Kind of Hero	Eddie Keller
	The Toy	Jack Brown
1983	Superman III	August "Gus" Gorman
	Richard Pryor: Here and Now	Himself	Stand-up film; also director and writer
1985	Brewster's Millions	Montgomery "Monty" Brewster
1986	Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling	Jo Jo Dancer	Also director, producer and writer
1987	Critical Condition	Kevin Lenahan / Dr. Eddie Slattery
1988	Moving	Arlo Pear
1989	See No Evil, Hear No Evil	Wallace "Wally" Karue
	Harlem Nights	Sugar Ray
1991	Another You	Eddie Dash
	The Three Muscatels	Narrator / Wino / Bartender
1996	Mad Dog Time	Jimmy the Grave Digger
1997	Lost Highway	Arnie	Final film role
2000	Me, Myself & Irene	Stand-up Comedian on TV	Archival footage
2007	Superbad	Himself

 التلفزيون

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1966	The Wild Wild West	Villar	Episode: "The Night of the Eccentrics"
1967	ABC Stage 67	Undertaker	Episode: "A Time for Laughter: A Look at Negro Humor in America"
1968	Let's Go	Unknown role	Episode: "Psychedelic Vancouver"
1969	The Young Lawyers	Otis Tucker	Episode: "The Young Lawyers"
1971	The Partridge Family	A.E. Simon	Episode: "Soul Club"
1972	Mod Squad	Cat Griffin	Episode: "The Connection"
1975	Saturday Night Live	Himself/host	Episode: "Richard Pryor / Gil Scott-Heron"
1975–1978	Sesame Street	Himself	4 episodes
1977	The Richard Pryor Special?	Himself / The Reverend James L. White / Idi Amin Dada / Shoeshine Man / Willie	TV special
	The Richard Pryor Show	Himself / Various roles	4 episodes
1984	Pryor's Place	Himself	10 episodes
	Billy Joel: Keeping the Faith	Man Reading Newspaper	Video short
1993	Martin	Himself	Episode: "The Break Up: Part 1"
1995	Chicago Hope	Joe Springer	Episode: "Stand"
1996	Malcolm & Eddie	Uncle Bucky	Episode: "Do the K.C. Hustle"
1999	The Norm Show	Mr. Johnson	Episode: "Norm vs. the Boxer"

 ديسكوجرافيا

 ألبومات

Year	Title	Label	Format	Reissues
1968	Richard Pryor	Dove/Reprise	LP	1972/1976 LP, 2000 Warner Archive/Rhino CD album box set, 2021 Omnivore Recordings 2xCD/LP, 2023 Stand Up! 2xLP
1971	Craps (After Hours)	Laff	LP/cassette/8-track	1972 LP/8-track, 1983 as Blackjack LP/cassette, 1994 Loose Cannon/Island CD, 2021 Omnivore Recordings CD, 2023 Stand Up! 2xLP/LP
1974	That Nigger's Crazy	Partee/Stax	LP/8-track	1975 Reprise LP/8-track, 1978 LP/cassette/8-track, 2000 and 2013 Warner Archive/Rhino album box sets, 2025 Rhino vinyl box set
1975	...Is It Something I Said?	Reprise	LP/cassette/8-track	1976/1977 LP, 1995 CD, 2000 and 2013 Warner Archive/Rhino album box sets, 2025 Rhino vinyl box set
1976	Are You Serious???	Laff	LP/cassette/8-track	1995 Loose Cannon/Island CD/cassette
	Rev. Du Rite		Cassette	1981 LP
	Holy Smoke!		Cassette	1980 LP
	Bicentennial Nigger	Warner Bros.	LP/cassette/8-track	1977/1978 LP, 1989 CD, 2000 and 2013 Warner Archive/Rhino album box sets, 2025 Rhino vinyl box set
	Insane	Laff	Cassette/8-track	1980 LP
	L.A. Jail	Tiger Lily	LP/8-track
	Outrageous	Laff	Cassette/8-track	1979 LP
1977	Who Me? I'm Not Him		LP/cassette	1980 LP, 1994 Loose Cannon/Island CD/cassette
	Richard Pryor Live!	World Sound	LP	1982 Phoenix/Audiofidelity LP/Picture disc/cassette
1978	The Wizard of Comedy	Laff	LP/cassette/8-track	1995 Loose Cannon/Island CD
	Black Ben The Blacksmith		LP/cassette	1983 as Show Biz LP/cassette, 1994 Loose Cannon/Island CD/cassette
	Wanted: Live in Concert	Warner Bros.	2x-LP/cassette/8-track	1979 2xLP/cassette/8-track, 2000 and 2013 Warner Archive/Rhino album box sets, 2025 Rhino vinyl box set
1982	Live on the Sunset Strip		LP/cassette	2000 and 2013 Warner Archive/Rhino album box sets, 2025 Rhino vinyl box set
	Supernigger	Laff	LP/cassette/8-track	1995 Loose Cannon/Island CD/cassette
1983	Here and Now	Warner Bros.	LP/cassette	2000 and 2013 Warner Archive/Rhino album box sets, 2025 Rhino vinyl box set
2021	Live at the Comedy Store, 1973	Omnivore Recordings	CD/digital	Originally 2013 Shout! Factory CD box set No Pryor Restraint: Life in Concert promotional extra, 2023 Omnivore Recordings 2xLP, 2023 Stand Up! 2xLP color vinyl

 تجميعات

• 1973: Pryor Goes Foxx Hunting (Laff)
  • Split LP with Redd Foxx, containing previously released tracks from Craps (After Hours).
• 1975: Down And Dirty (Laff)
  • Split LP with Redd Foxx, containing previously released tracks from Craps (After Hours).
• 1976: Richard Pryor Meets ... Richard & Willie And ... The SLA!! (Laff)
  • Split LP with black ventriloquist act Richard And Willie, containing previously released tracks from Craps (After Hours).
• 1977: Richard Pryor's Greatest Hits (Warner Bros.)
  • Contains tracks from Craps (After Hours), That Nigger's Crazy, and ... Is It Something I Said?, plus a previously unreleased track from 1975, "Ali".
• 1982: The Very Best of Richard Pryor (Laff)
• 1983: Richard Pryor Live (Laff)
• 1983: Pissed Off! (Phoenix 10)
  • Split LP/cassette with Flip Wilson, containing previously released tracks from Laff Records.
• 2000: ... And It's Deep Too! The Complete Warner Bros. Recordings (1968–1992) (9-CD box set) (Warner Bros./Rhino)
  • Box set collection containing all Warner Bros. albums plus a bonus disc of previously unissued material from 1973 to 1992.
• 2002: The Anthology (1968–1992) (2-CD set) (Warner Bros./Rhino, 2002 in music)
  • Highlights culled from the albums collected in the ... And It's Deep Too! box set.
• 2005: Evolution/Revolution: The Early Years (1966–1974) (2-CD set) (Warner Bros./Rhino, 2005 in music)
  • Pryor-authorized compilation of material released on Laff, including the entire Craps (After Hours) album.
• 2013: No Pryor Restraint: Life In Concert (7-CD, 2-DVD box set) (Shout! Factory/Indigo)
  • Box set containing concert films, albums and unreleased material from 1966 to 1992.
  • A complimentary, limited-edition promo, entitled Live at The Comedy Store: Hollywood, CA — October, 1973 (Shout Factory PRO-00072 (6/13), was exclusively available to customers who pre-ordered from the company's web site.
• 2013: The Warner Bros. Albums (1974-1983) (7-CD box set) (Warner Bros./Rhino)
  • Official albums from That Nigger's Crazy to Here and Now.
• 2025: I Hope I'm Funny: The Warner Albums (1974-1983) (7-LP box set) (Rhino)
  • Same content as previous Warner box set, but on vinyl only.

 ألبومات مرئية

Year	Title	Label	Format	Reissues
1981	Live in Concert (1979)	RCA SelectaVision	CED Videodisc	1985 Vestron VHS, 1996 MPI VHS/LaserDisc, 1998/2004 MPI DVD, 2004 Revolver Entertainment UK DVD, 2006 HBO DVD, 2016 Netflix VOD, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 1 DVD
1983	Live on the Sunset Strip (1982)	RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video	CED Videodisc/LaserDisc	1985 RCA/Columbia VHS, 1996 Sony VHS, 1999 Columbia DVD, 2000 Sony DVD, 2005 Sony UMD, 2005/2009 Sony Double Feature DVD, 2012 streaming, 2016 Netflix VOD, 2019 Fabulous Films Blu-ray, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 1 DVD, 2024 Ultra HD Blu-ray
1984	Here and Now (1983)	RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video	CED Videodisc/LaserDisc/VHS	1998 Columbia VHS, 2002 Columbia DVD, 2005/2009 Sony Double Feature DVD, 2012 streaming, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 1 DVD, 2026 Ultra HD Blu-ray
1985	Live & Smokin' (1971)	Vestron	CED Videodisc/LaserDisc/VHS	1997 MPI VHS, 2001 MPI DVD, 2005 Revolver Entertainment UK DVD, 2009 The Weinstein Company DVD, 2010 Beyond Home Entertainment Australia DVD, 2011 Alliance Double Feature DVD, Plex/Apple TV VOD, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 1 DVD
2004	The Richard Pryor Show (1977)	Image Entertainment	3-DVD, 3-VHS box set	Vol. 1, Vol. 2 and TV Special individual videos, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 1 DVD
	Richard Pryor: I Ain't Dead Yet, #*$#@!! (2003)	Comedy Central/Paramount	DVD	2013 Amazon streaming, Apple TV VOD, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 2 DVD
2014	Richard Pryor: Icon (2014)	PBS	DVD/VOD	Streaming
2015	Richard Pryor: Omit the Logic (2013)	Magnolia Pictures	Blu-ray/DVD/VOD	Streaming, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection: Volume 2 DVD
2020	I Am Richard Pryor (2019)	Virgil Films	DVD/VOD/streaming	2021 Time Life DVD, 2021 The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection DVD box set
2021	The Ultimate Richard Pryor Collection Uncensored	Time Life	13-DVD box set	Volume 1 (6-DVD box set), Volume 2 (6-DVD box set), 2022 reprint

 الحفاظ على أعماله

The Richard Pryor Special? was preserved by the UCLA Film & Television Archive from an original 2 inch videotape. Preservation funding was provided by the John H. Mitchell Television Preservation Endowment. The preserved special screened at the 2024 UCLA Festival of Preservation.

 ببليوجرافيا

• Pryor, Richard; Gold, Todd (1995). Pryor Convictions and Other Life Sentences. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 9780679432500. OCLC 31660376. Retrieved January 24, 2019.

 للاستزادة

• Bailey, Jason (2015). Richard Pryor: American Id. Raleigh, NC: The Critical Press. ISBN 9781941629130. OCLC 929499929.
• Balducci, Anthony (2018). Richard Pryor in Hollywood: The Narrative Films, 1967-1997. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-1-4766-7382-0. OCLC 1013167477.
• Brown, Cecil (2013). Pryor Lives! How Richard Pryor Became Richard Pryor: Or, Kiss My Rich, Happy Black Ass!: A Memoir. Scotts Valley, Cal.: CreateSpace. ISBN 9781481272049. OCLC 896479605.
• Haskins, James (1984). Richard Pryor, a Man and His Madness: A Biography. New York: Beaufort Books. ISBN 9780825302008. OCLC 474968281.
• Henry, David; Henry, Joe (2013). Furious Cool: Richard Pryor and the World That Made Him. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. ISBN 9781616200787. OCLC 900929967. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
• Pryor, Rain; Crimmins, Cathy (2006). Jokes My Father Never Taught Me: Life, Love, and Loss with Richard Pryor. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061195426. OCLC 865250887. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
• McCluskey, Audrey Thomas, ed. (2008). Richard Pryor: The Life and Legacy of a "Crazy" Black Man. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253352026. OCLC 300041360. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
• Rovin, Jeff (1983). Richard Pryor: Black and Blue. London: Orbis. ISBN 9780856136979. OCLC 668427103.
• Saul, Scott (2015). Becoming Richard Pryor. New York: Harper. ISBN 9780062123305. OCLC 869267234. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
• Williams, John A.; Williams, Dennis A. (1991). If I Stop I'll Die: The Comedy and Tragedy of Richard Pryor. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 9781560250081. OCLC 23463494.

 وصلات خارجية

• ريتشارد بريور at the Internet Movie Database
• ريتشارد بريور at Emmys.com
• ريتشارد بريور discography at Discogs
• Richard Pryor: Icon (video). PBS. Archived from the original on November 6, 2014.