قناة مستنقعات فونان
| قناة مستنقعات فونان Funan Techo Canal | |
|---|---|
 المسار المقترح للقناة | |
| المواصفات | |
| الطول | 180 km (110 ميل) |
| الجغرافيا | |
| نقطة البداية | كپ |
| نقطة النهاية | Phnom Penh Autonomous Port, Kandal |
قناة مستنقعات فونان[أ]،[1] Funan Techo Canal ، وتـُعرَف رسمياً بإسم مشروع تونلى باساك للطريق الملاحي ونظام النقل هي قناة مقترحة بطول 180 كم في كمبوديا، وتربط ميناء پنوم پنه الذاتي بمقاطعة كپ وخليج تايلند.
التسمية
Funan is a name given by ancient Chinese cartographers refers to a Southeast Asian ancient kingdom that existed from 1st century CE to 5th century CE comprising present-day Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, Southern Thailand and Eastern Thailand. Techo (តេជោ) is a title given to army commanders by the King of Cambodia. It also appears in the name of Techo International Airport, which is located near the eastern end point of the canal.
استعراض
The canal would begin at the Takeo Canal of the Mekong River, pass through the Ta Ek Canal of the Bassac River and finally merge with the Ta Hing Canal of the Bassac River in Koh Thom district.[2] It would connect Phnom Penh directly with the country's only deep-sea port in Sihanoukville and the new port in Kampot.[3] The canal crosses through regions totaling 1.6 million inhabitants.[4]
The current plan includes constructing three dams with sluices and eleven bridges. The canal will be 100 متر (330 ft) wide and 5.4 متر (18 ft) deep, supporting vessels up to 3,000 DWT.[5] The groundbreaking of the canal's construction was held on 5 August 2024.[6] The target completion date is 2028.[5]
A ground breaking ceremony was held in August 2024.[7] Land demarcation and marking for phase one was 55% in mid-December 2024.[8]
الوقع على البلدان الأخرى
Currently Cambodia relies heavily on using Vietnamese ports, notably that of Cai Mep. The new canal would significantly reduce this dependency.[9] Vietnam has also raised environmental concerns.[10]
Vietnam claimed to have an interest in the canal according to the 1995 Mekong Agreement, but Cambodia refused to give Vietnam insight in the canals details citing that it only has a notification duty under the agreement. According to Cambodia's Deputy Prime Minister Sun Chanthol the canal would require only 5 m³/s of flow from the Mekong, equivalent to 0.053% of the total flow, and the canal would contribute to mitigating floods in Vietnam.[4]
Cambodia has denied that the Chinese navy would utilize the canal, responding to Vietnamese concerns.[4]
التمويل
The project is expected to cost US$1.7 billion.[5] Funding was expected to come entirely from the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC);[11] the feasibility study was in progress in March 2024.[12] The project will be developed under a BOT (build-operate-transfer) contract.[13]
By June 2024, the canal was no longer a predominantly foreign invested project, with 51% of the stake owned by Cambodian entities.[7] In August 2024, it was reported that China would provide 49% of the funding.[14]
By December 2024, China had not made "definitive commitments" to funding the project, and no Chinese construction contracts had been issued. According to Brian Eyler, director of the Stimson Centre's Southeast Asia Programme, a lack of economic viability, the costs of long-term maintenance, and environmental impact, was deterring investors. According to Sokvy Rim, a research fellow with the Cambodian Centre for Regional Studies, the Cambodian government could fund the project alone.[7]
انظر أيضاً
الهامش والمراجع
- ^ الاسم الرسمي للمشروع: "Prek Chek Funan Techo Project"، وسابقاً كان يُسمى "Tonle Bassac-Kep Waterway and Logistics Project"
- ^ "Tonle Bassac-Kep Waterway and Logistics Initiative named "Prek Chek Funan Techo Project", costs US$1.7B". Construction & Property News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2023-05-19. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Tonle Bassac-Kep Waterway and Logistics Initiative named "Prek Chek Funan Techo Project", costs US$1.7B". Construction & Property News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2023-05-19. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Why is Vietnam Worried About Cambodia's Mekong Canal Project?". thediplomat.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ أ ب ت "Cambodia maintains stance on giving canal details to Vietnam".
- ^ أ ب ت Rim, Sokvy (2024-03-11). "BRI's Funan Techo Canal could steer Cambodia away from Vietnam and towards China, Politics News - ThinkChina". www.thinkchina.sg (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Cambodia breaks ground on China-funded canal and says it will be built 'no matter the cost'". Associated Press. August 5, 2024.
- ^ أ ب ت Ji Siqi (5 December 2024). "Cambodia says Xi supports controversial canal, but China's silence keeps questions flowing". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ Taing Rinith (17 December 2024). "Funan Techo Canal phase 1 land demarcation 55% completed". Khmer Times. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
- ^ "Funan Techo Canal Development: Shifting Economic Currents in Southeast Asia". Construction & Property News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2024-03-15. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Cambodia to divert Mekong trade via China-built canal, vexing Vietnam". Nikkei Asia (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Why Cambodia's Funan Techo Canal Project is Worrying Vietnam". Vietnam Briefing News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Cambodia to divert Mekong trade via China-built canal, vexing Vietnam". Nikkei Asia (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ Sereyrath, Sok (2023-12-27). "Techo Funan Canal Project to be Developed under BOT Contract". Cambodian People's Party-វិមាន៧មករា (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-04-19.
- ^ "Cambodian canal megaproject in trouble". Bangkok Post. Reuters. 21 November 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2024.