مسقوفات الرأس

مسقوفات الرأس
Stegocephalians
Temporal range: Late Devonian–recent
پروتروگيرينوس
التصنيف العلمي e
أصنوفة غير معروفة (أصلحها): Tetrapodomorpha
Clade: Elpistostegalia
فرع: مسقوفات الرأس
كوپ, 1868
Subgroups

†Elpistostege
†تيكتاليك
Tetrapoda

مسقوفات الرأس Stegocephalia هو اسم أقدم لبرمائيات أحفورية كبيرة، تضم كل المجموعات قبل الجوراسي وبعض المجموعات الكبيرة المنقرضة لاحقاً والتي تضم ما يشبه السلمندر. المصطلح صاغه في 1868 عالم الإحاثة الأمريكي إدوارد درنكر كوپ and comes from Greek στεγοκεφαλια - "roofed head", and refer to the copious amounts of dermal armour some of the larger primitive forms evidently had.[1] In recent times, Canadian paleontologist Michel Laurin has used as a phylogenetic expression to encompass all vertebrates with toes rather than fins, i.e. tetrapods.[2]

تاريخ التصنيف

Typical 19th century depiction of a stegocephalian, based on a modern toad

Originally, the term was used as a systematic unit at the rank of order. The term rose to prominence in American and British science in the 18th century, though the largely equivalent term Labyrinthodontia had been coined 18 years earlier by Hermann Burmeister in reference to the tooth structure.[3]

النسالة

Below is a suggested evolutionary tree of tetrapods and their relatives, from Colbert 1969 and Caroll 1997.[4][5] Dashed lines indicate relationships that commonly vary between authors.

من سمكة فصية الزعانف 

 

Eusthenopteron

 
 

 

Panderichthys

 
مسقوفات الرأس

 

تيكتاليك

 
ذوات الأربع

 

Acanthostega

 
 

 

Ichthyostega

 
 

 

Crassigyrinus

 
 

 

 

Loxommatidae

 
 

Temnospondyls

 
 
 

Reptile-like amphibians

 

Seymouriamorpha

 
 

 

Westlothiana

 
 

 

Diadectomorpha

 
Amniota

Class Reptilia

 
 
 
 
Batrachomorpha

 

Lepospondyls (small Labyrinthodonts)

 
 

Lissamphibia (modern amphibians)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

الهامش

  1. ^ Cope E. D. 1868. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia of North America. Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: pp 208-221
  2. ^ Laurin, M (May 2001). "The oldest stegocephalian from the Iberian peninsula: evidence that temnospondyls were euryhaline". Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie. 324 (5): 495–501. PMID 11411292. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Burmeister, H. (1850): Die Labyrinthodonten aus dem Saarbrücker Steinkohlengebirge, Dritte Abtheilung: der Geschichte der Deutschen Labyrinthodonten Archegosaurus. Berlin: G. Reimer, 74 pp.
  4. ^ Colbert, E. H., (1969), Evolution of the Vertebrates, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2nd ed.)
  5. ^ Carroll, R. L. (1997): Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 464 pages

وصلات خارجية