هجرة (جنوب آسيا)

Hijra

A hijra in a traditional village performance A hijra in a traditional village performance
Meaning	Umbrella term for people who are the third gender (transgender, intersex, or eunuchs)
Classification	Gender identity
Other terms
Synonyms	Aravani, Jagappa, Kinnar, Khawaja Sira, Khadra, Moorat
Associated terms	Kothi, Third gender
Demographics
Culture	South Asian
Regions with significant populations Indian subcontinent الهند 3 million (2014) بنگلادش 10,000–50,000 (2020) پاكستان 10,000+ (2020)
Legal information
Recognition	Yes (India, Bangladesh and Pakistan)
Protection	Limited

في ثقافة جنوب آسيا، هجرة (Hijra ؛ بالهندي: हिजड़ा ؛ أردو: ہجڑا ؛ بالبنغالي: হিজরা)، هو شخص من "النوع الثالث" - ولا يعتبر رجل أو إمرأة. وجسديا يبدو أقرب للرجل، لكنه يحمل بعض معالم المرأة، وعادة ما يرتدي ثياب النساء. }}

 التسمية

بالأردو والهندية كلمة "هجرة" ويمكن أن تكتب hijira, hijda, hijada, hijara, hijrah وتنطق [ˈhɪdʒɽaː]. وكانت تسمى في الماضي كنار، وهو الاسم الذي تستخدمه جماعات الهجرة بشكل أكثر تهذيبا. وهناك اسم آخر وهو خاسوا (खसुआ) أو خساره (खुसरा).

In Bangla "hijra" is called হিজরা, hijra, hijla, hijre, Hizra, Hizre.

 النوع والجنس

مجموعة من الهجرة في مظاهرة في إسلام آباد، پاكستان

 الوضع الاجتماعي والحالة الاقتصايدة

هجرة صغيرة من جاوة الهندية

 في الدين

The Indian transgender Hijras or Aravanis ritually marry the Hindu god Aravan and then mourn his ritual death (seen) in an 18-day festival in Koovagam, India.

 في الأفلام والثقافة

 وثائقيات

• Jareena, Portrait of a Hijda (1990) [1]
• Bombay Eunuch (2001) [2]
• The Hijras: India's Third Gender (2001) [3]
• India's Ladyboys (2003) [4]
• Between the Lines: India's Third Gender (2005) [5]
• Middle sexes HBO documentary includes segment on modern Hijda (2005) [6]
• The Hijras of India BBC radio documentary [7]

 انظر أيضا

• Cross dressing
• List of transgender-related topics
• Transvestism
• Two-Spirit
• Cogender
• LGBT rights in Pakistan
• Transgender Rights in Tamil Nadu
• Kathoey, a distinct transgender group in تايلند

 المصادر

1. Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India by Serena Nanda. Wadsworth Publishing, 1998. (ISBN 0-534-50903-7)
2. Lovemaps, p. 106, by John Money. Irvington Publishers, Inc., 1988. (ISBN 0-87975-456-7)
3. Myself Mona Ahmed. by Dayanita Singh (Photographer) and Mona Ahmed. Scalo Publishers (September 15, 2001). ISBN 3-908247-46-2
4. The Third sex and Human Rights, by Rajesh Talwar. Gyan Publishing House, 1999. ISBN 81-212-0266-3
5. Gendered Bodies: The Case of the 'Third Gender' in India, by Anuja Agrawal, in 'Contributions to Indian Sociology', n.s., 31 (1997): 273–97
6. Hijras: Who We Are, by Meena Balaji and other Eunuchs as told to Ruth Lor Malloy. Toronto, Think Asia Publisher. 1997.

 وصلات خارجية

• Human Rights Violations against the Transgender Community, summary of a 2003 report by the Peoples' Union for Civil Liberties, Karnataka
• Aamr C. Bakshi of The Washington Post on Pakistan Drag Queen talk show host Begum Nawazish Ali
• Collected BBC articles on Hijras
• India's eunuchs demand rights, BBC News, 4 September 2003
• Hijras on glbtq.com
• Collected Information About the Eunuchs of India Known as the Hijra
• The Works on Hijra in Indian Sub-Continent – Photographs (Link to most recent archived version at Archive.org.)
• In From the Outside, Timeasia.com, 18 September 2000.
• The Hijras of India Research Guide
• Why are Indian eunuchs warned about unsafe sex?
• World Press: Pakistan's Hijras
• Columbia University: Magical Stories of the Hijras
• Islamic Hijras
• Sangama – Leading Hijra Human Rights Organisation in India
• Neelam and Laxmi – Portraits of hijras living in Mumbai (2005), by journalist and author Sonia Faleiro
• Eunuch MP takes seat – BBC world news- News on Shabnam Mausi, Hijra MP
• Hijada - An article in Malayalam by Krishna.thrishna