ياكوب بارت
ياكوب بارت (بالألمانية: Jakob Barth) ( 1267 - 1332 هـ / 3 مارس 1851 في فلهنگن - 24 أكتوبر 1914 في برلين ) هو مستشرق يهودي ألماني.[1]
تعلم العربية، وعلمها في جامعة برلين.[2]
حياته
في صباه درس التلمود، بين مواضيع أخرى على يد حميه المستقبلي، عزرائيل هيلدسهايمر. ثم درس فقه اللغة السامية في جامعة برلين، ثم جامعة لايپزيگ (على يد هاينريش لبرخت فلايشر )، وجامعة ستراسبورگ (على يد تيودور نولدكه ). In 1876, he received a lectureship in Semitic philology at the University of Berlin, and in 1880, an assistant professorship. As a Jew, he was denied a full professorship, but he was awarded the title of Privy Councillor . Barth was one of the most important Orientalists of his time; two of his works remain standard reference works to this day: *Nominal Formation in the Semitic Languages * (1894) and *Pronominal Formation in the Semitic Languages * (1913). These works, as well as his Etymological Studies on the Semitic, especially the Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon (1902), contain far-fetched etymologies and excessive schematization, but testify to the author's talent for discovering linguistic analogies . Barth was also one of the most important Arabists of his time. He published grammatical, poetic, and historical texts, as well as Maimonides ' commentary on the Mishnah tractate "Makkot" (1880). As an Orthodox Jew, he avoided the application of historical-critical research , but accepted the authorship of a second Isaiah ( Deutero-Isaiah ) from chapter 40 of the Book of Isaiah onward, which, in his view, was supported by the Talmud.
From 1874 until his death, he taught Hebrew, biblical exegesis , and Jewish philosophy at the Orthodox rabbinical seminary founded by E. Hildesheimer in Berlin. His commentary on almost all the books of the Bible, based on his lectures at the rabbinical seminary, remains unpublished to this day.
أبناؤه أهارون بارت (1890–1957) و إليعازر (لازار) بارت (1880–1949) كانا من رواد الصهاينة داخل الحركة المزراحية الأرثوذكسية. أهارون بارت كان المدير العام لـ Anglo-Palestine Bank ، لاحقاً بنك لئومي، من 1947 حتى وفاته.
آثاره
في ميدان الدراسات العربية، نشر:
- «كتاب الفصيح» لثعلب، 1876.
- «ديوان القطامي».
- شرح موسى بن ميمون على أحد كتب المشنا، وعنوانه «مكوّت».[3]
