731
| القرون: | قرن 7 · قرن 8 · قرن 9 |
| العقود: | ع700 ع710 ع720 ع730 ع740 ع750 ع760 |
| السنوات: | 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 7 – القرن 8 – القرن 9 |
| عقود: | عقد 700 عقد 710 عقد 720 – عقد 730 – عقد 740 عقد 750 عقد 760 |
| سنين: | 728 729 730 – 731 – 732 733 734 |
| 731 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 731 DCCXXXI |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1484 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 180 ԹՎ ՃՁ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5481 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1113 – −1112 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 138 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1681 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1275 |
| التقويم البورمي | 93 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6239–6240 |
| التقويم الصيني | 庚午年 (المعدن الحصان) 3427 أو 3367 — إلى — 辛未年 (المعدن الماعز) 3428 أو 3368 |
| التقويم القبطي | 447–448 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1897 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 723–724 |
| التقويم العبري | 4491–4492 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 787–788 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 653–654 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3832–3833 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10731 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −269 – −268 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 109–110 |
| التقويم الهجري | 112–113 |
| التقويم الياباني | Tenpyō 3 (天平３年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 731 DCCXXXI |
| التقويم الكوري | 3064 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1181 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1181年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1274 |
Year 731 (DCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 731 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
حسب المكان
Europe
- Umayyad conquest of Gaul: Munuza, Moorish governor of Cerdagne (eastern Pyrenees), rebels against Umayyad authority. He is defeated and executed by Muslim forces under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi at Urgell (Catalonia). Muslim garrisons in Septimania raid the cities Millau and Arles.[1]
- Ragenfrid, ex-mayor of the palace of Neustria, meets Duke Eudes of Aquitaine, to accept his rule and independence from the Frankish Kingdom. Fearing an alliance against him, Charles Martel exiles Ragenfrid's supporter Wandon of Fontenelle, and imprisons bishop Aimar of Auxerre.[2]
- Charles Martel leads two raids across the Loire River into the Berry region. The Franks seize and plunder Bourges (central France), but the city is immediately recaptured by Eudes of Aquitaine.
Britain
- Autumn – King Ceolwulf of Northumbria is deposed by opponents, and forced to enter a monastery. His supporters subsequently restore him to the throne (or 732).
- King Æthelbald of Mercia overruns a large portion of Somerset, and wrests the county from Wessex control (approximate date).
Asia
- Battle of the Defile: An Umayyad relief army (28,000 men) is sent to Samarkand (modern Uzbekistan), which is besieged by the Turgesh.[3] The Muslims are ambushed near the Zarafshan Range, at the Tashtakaracha Pass.[4][5] The battle results in a Pyrrhic victory, with heavy casualties for the Umayyad army, halting Muslim expansion in Central Asia for almost two decades.
By topic
Literature
- Bede, Anglo-Saxon monk and historian, completes his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum at the monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth.
Religion
- February 11 – Pope Gregory II dies at Rome after a 16-year reign, in which he has fought Iconoclasm. He is succeeded by the Syrian-born cleric Gregory III, as the 90th pope of the Catholic Church.[6]
- Sack of Luxeuil, traditionally
- November 1 – Synod of Rome: Gregory III summons a council at the shrine of Saint Peter. All western bishops participate, including the Roman nobility. Gregory condemns Iconoclasm as a heresy.[7]
مواليد
- Abd al-Rahman I, Muslim emir of Córdoba (d. 788)
- Ōtomo no Otomaro, Japanese general and Shōgun (d. 809)
- Telets, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire (approximate date)
وفيات
- February 9 – Zhang Yue, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 667)
- February 11 – Gregory II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 669)
- August 31 – Ōtomo no Tabito, Japanese poet (b. 665)
- December 22 – Yuan Qianyao, official of the Chinese Tang dynasty
- date unknown
- Barjik, prince of the Khazar Khaganate
- Berhtwald, archbishop of Canterbury
- Munuza, Moorish governor of Cerdagne
- Ragenfrid, mayor of the palace of Neustria
- Yuwen Rong, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (or 730)
References
- ^ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 41). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ^ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ^ Blankinship (1994), pp. 156, 157
- ^ Kennedy (2001), p. 29
- ^ Kennedy (2007), p. 285
- ^
[[wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope St. Gregory III "|Pope St. Gregory III]"]. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ Treadgold, p. 354
