بروجرد

Coordinates: 33°54′40″N 48°45′08″E / 33.91111°N 48.75222°E / 33.91111; 48.75222
(تم التحويل من Borujerd)
لمعلومات عن the administrative division of Lorestan province، انظر Borujerd County.
Borujerd
فارسية: بروجرد
City
Top left: Grand yard of Sultani mosque, Middle: Outlook of Zagros Mountains, Bottom left: Eftekhar-al-Eslam old house, Bottom right: the statute of Arash the Archer
Top left: Grand yard of Sultani mosque, Middle: Outlook of Zagros Mountains, Bottom left: Eftekhar-al-Eslam old house, Bottom right: the statute of Arash the Archer
Borujerd is located in إيران
Borujerd
Borujerd
الإحداثيات: 33°54′40″N 48°45′08″E / 33.91111°N 48.75222°E / 33.91111; 48.75222[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceLorestan
CountyBorujerd
DistrictCentral
المساحة
 • الإجمالي43 كم² (17 ميل²)
المنسوب
1٬573 m (5٬161 ft)
التعداد
 (2016)[2]
 • الإجمالي234٬497
 • الكثافة5٬500/km2 (14٬000/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+03:30 (IRST)
مفتاح الهاتف(+98) 66

Borujerd (فارسية: بروجرد; [boɾuːˈdʒeɾd])[أ] is a city in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan province in western Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[3]

Among the existing modern cities in Iran, Borujerd is one of the oldest reported at least since the 9th century. In Sassanid Empire, Borujerd was a small town and region neighboring Nahavand. Gaining more attention during Great Seljuq Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries, Borujerd stood as an industrial, commercial and strategic city in Zagros Mountains until the 20th century. In its golden ages, Borujerd was selected as the state capital of Lorestan and Khuzestan region during Qajar dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the existence of a large number of production and industrial units and the supply of their products in the domestic and foreign markets, Borujerd is considered the industrial hub of Lorestan province.

التأسيس والاسم

The history of Borujerd before the advent of Islam is not well known. Parthian-era artifacts have been discovered in its environs by non-professional excavators. A former Zoroastrian fire temple once stood on the site where one of Iran's oldest mosques, the Jameh Mosque of Borujerd, was later constructed. This proves that the region was populated before Islam arrived. The Parthian king Orodes II (ح. 57–37 BC) is credited by some academics with laying the city's foundation. They believe that the Parthian word Wurūgird/Wulūgird/Orodhkard ("built by Orodes") was the original version of "Borujerd". Others consider it to have been built by the Sasanian king Peroz I (ح. 459–484), arguing that "Piruzgird" was its original name, before being changed into "Burugird", and then later Arabicised into "Burujird".[4]

التاريخ

Only from the 9th-century does the name "Borujerd" appear in Islamic chronicles. It first appears in the Kitāb al-buldān of Ibn al-Faqih (قالب:Fl), and is later reported in various forms, such as "Warukird", "Warugird", "Barugird" and "Barujird". In 1809, the governorship of Lorestan and Khuzestan was granted to the Qajar prince Mohammad Taqi Mirza. He made Borujerd his residence and, to protect the town, created a moat around it and repaired the old fortress. Borujerd developed into a sizable garrison town and a significant military hub by the end of the 18th century. It was used by the Qajars as a base for campaigns aimed at consolidating control over the western regions, especially against the Lur tribes.[4]

Esteemed religious institutions operated in Borujerd during the Qajar era, producing two distinguished Shia scholars, Asad Allah Borujerdi (died 1854ح. 1854) and Hossein Borujerdi (died 1961).[4]

السكان

اللغة

The linguistic composition of the city:[5]

Borujerd linguistic composition (2022)
Language percent
Persian
  
 45%
Luri
  
 29%
Silakhori
  
 15%
Laki of Lorestan
  
 10%
Judeo-Borujerdi
  
 0.01%
Other
  
 0.99%

التعداد

Borujerd is the 31st largest city in Iran and the 2nd largest in Lorestan [1]. Borujerd is the industrial point of Lorestan. Its historical and cultural background as well as its remarkable nature, has changed it to a tourist destination. The city has been named as Dār-Al-Sorur which means the house of happiness. Borujerd's population was estimated about 20000 in mid-1800s.

Borujerd population change based on national statistics.

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 334,497 in 59,388 households.[6] The following census in 2011 counted 240,654 people in 71,730 households.[7] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 234,997 people in 74,146 households.[2]

الجغرافيا والمناخ

الموقع

Borujerd city is located approximately 1670 meters above sea level and has a moderate climate with cold winters. The highest point is Garrin Mountain 3623 m above sea level and the lowest area is Gelerood River in South with 1400 m elevation. Borujerd Township has 2600 km2 area with approximately 400,000 inhabitants distributed in the city of Oshtorinan and more than 180 villages. Owing to favorable topographic and climatic conditions, the plains are devoted to cultivation of grain. Wherever irrigation is possible (by means of qanāts, wells, diversion of water of streams), cotton, melons, grapes, and fruit trees (especially almonds) are grown.[8]

Borujerd is located on Silakhor Plain which is the largest agricultural land of Lorestan.[citation needed] The high-elevated Zagros Mountains surrounds it from South East to North West and the peaks are covered with snow most of the time. Rural people work in farms or keep their domestic animals. Other people work in governmental offices, armed forces, factories or small local businesses. The feet of Zagros Mountains is a great destination for nomads and many Lurs and Bakhtiari nomads move there in summer. The area is paved with highways and is a crossroad between Tehran and Khuzestan Province as well as Isfahan Province and Kermanshah Province.

المناخ

Borujerd's climate is classified as Mediterranean(Köppen: Csa) with dry and very hot summers and cold winters. Most of the precipitation falls in colder months from November to April. Snowfall can be observed in winter, which can sometimes become heavy and cause school closures in the county. Road access to villages can also be disturbed because of snow.[9]

بيانات المناخ لـ بروجرد (1989-2010)
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 1.1
(34.0) 		3.8
(38.8) 		8.1
(46.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.9
(64.2) 		23.8
(74.8) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		16.9
(62.4) 		9.7
(49.5) 		4.6
(40.3) 		14.7
(58.5)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 61.4
(2.42) 		61.8
(2.43) 		89.0
(3.50) 		68.9
(2.71) 		22.4
(0.88) 		2.5
(0.10) 		0.5
(0.02) 		0.7
(0.03) 		0.8
(0.03) 		19.9
(0.78) 		64.7
(2.55) 		65.9
(2.59) 		458.5
(18.04)
Source: IRIMO(temperature[10])(precipitation[11])
City Gate of Boroudgerd by Eugène Flandin
ملف:Borujerd-Iran 39.jpg
Old gate of Imamzadeh Jafar
Imamzadeh Ja'far Shrine
Tabatabai House

Historical attractions

A view of the Bazaar of Borujerd

Parks and natural attractions

  • Goldasht Valley, Borujerd
  • Vennaii Village, Borujerd
  • Chogha Hill of Borujerd
  • Bishe Dalan Pound, Borujerd
  • Oshtorankuh, Dorood
  • Women's Park of Borujerd

أبرز الأشخاص

Hossein Borujerdi
Hossein Borujerdi
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob
Loris Tjeknavorian
Loris Tjeknavorian
Zahra Rahnavard
Zahra Rahnavard
Mostafa Abdollahi
Mostafa Abdollahi
Jafar Shahidi
Jafar Shahidi
Mohammad Boroujerdi
Mohammad Boroujerdi
Mehrdad Avesta
Mehrdad Avesta
Arvin Moazzami
Arvin Moazzami
Ehsan Rouzbahani
Ehsan Rouzbahani

معرض صور

  • Fadak Park Borujerd Iran.jpg

    Fadak Park

  • Yadboodsquare.jpg

    Yadbood Square.

  • SoltaniMosque7.jpg

    Soltani Mosque (18th century)

  • The environs of Borujerd (Goldasht).JPG

    Goldasht Valley.

  • Imamzadeh Jafar of Borujerd.jpg

    Imamzadeh Ja'far (11th century)

  • Qale Hatam Bridge of Borujerd 1.jpg

    Qale Hatam Bridge

  • Jame1.jpg

    Jameh Mosque.

  • Borujerd outskirts.jpg

    Countryside of Borujerd.

  • Borujerd View of Takhti street.

    Borujerd View of Takhti street.

  • Borujerd-downtown.jpg

    Borujerd downtown

Panoramic view to the City

See also


Borujerd travel guide from Wikivoyage

Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Borūjerd

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (30 December 2024). "Borujerd, Borujerd County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in الفارسية). Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  2. ^ أ ب (in fa) (Excel)Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Lorestan Province. The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_15.xlsx. Retrieved on 19 December 2022. 
  3. ^ (in fa)'Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the country divisions of Lorestan province, centered in the city of Khorramabad'. Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. c. 2024. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82816/T121K. "3 - Borujerd County, centered on the city of Borujerd, including the following sections: A: The Central District centered on the city of Borujerd, including the rural districts of: 1 - Valanjerd, 2 - Hemmatabad, 3 - Shirvan, 4 - Darreh Seydi. B: Oshtorinan District centered on the city of Oshtorinan, including the rural districts of: 1 - Oshtorinan, 2 - Bardesareh, 3 - Gudarzi..." 
  4. ^ أ ب ت Mobayyen 2021.
  5. ^ "Language distribution: individual languages and language families". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  6. ^ (in fa) (Excel)Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Lorestan Province. The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/15.xls. Retrieved on 25 September 2022. 
  7. ^ (in fa) (Excel)Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Lorestan Province. The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Lorestan.xls. Retrieved on 19 December 2022. 
  8. ^ Eckart Ehlers, “Borujerd”, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 1989
  9. ^ "Borujerd Snowfall". roozhayeborujerd (in Persian). Borujerd Times. Retrieved 25 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "Form 5: Average of mean daily temperature in C. Station: Brujerd(40774)". chaharmahalmet. IRIMO. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ "Form 25: Monthly total of precipitation in mm. Station: Broujerd(40774)". Chaharmahalmet (asp). I.R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

المصادر

External links

قالب:Borujerd County

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