PL-15

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PL-15
J-20 fighter (44040541250) (cropped).jpg
مقاتلة چنگدو ج-20 مزودة بأربعة صواريخ PL-15 داخل حجرة التسليح
النوعصاروخ جو-جو خارج مدى الرؤية البصرية
مكان الأصلالصين
تاريخ الخدمة
في الخدمة2016-الحاضر
تاريخ الانتاج
الصانعالأكاديمية الصينية للصواريخ المحمولة جواً (CAMA)
المواصفات
الطول399.6 سم (PL-15E)
القطر20.3 سم (PL-15E)
المحركصاروخ ذو وقود صلب بمحرك فيضي[1]
المدى
العملياتي
200
السرعة5+ ماخ[2]
نظام
التوجيه
التوجيه النشط بالرادار
منصة
الإطلاق
J-20، J-35، J-10C, J-15، J-16، J-11B، JF-17 Block-3

PL-15 (الصينية: 霹雳-15; پن‌ين: Pī Lì-Yāo Wǔ; lit. 'Thunderbolt-15'، اسم الناتو: CH-AA-10 أبدون[3])، هو صاروخ جو-جو طويل المدى موجه بالرادار النشط طورته الصين، ويستخدمه كلاً من سلاح الجو وسلاح الجو البحري لجيش التحرير الشعبي، وكذلك القوات الجوية الپاكستانية.

التاريخ

The PL-15 is developed by Luoyang-based China Airborne Missile Academy (CAMA).[4] The missile was test fired in 2011 and referenced by Chinese state media in 2015.[5] It was spotted in 2013 mounted on a prototype of Chengdu J-20.[6]

The PL-15 entered People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) military service around 2015[7] to 2017.[5] The carrying platforms include the Chengdu J-10C, the Shenyang J-16 and the Chengdu J-20. It has also been spotted on the Shenyang J-11B.[6] The PL-15 has begun to replace the earlier PL-12 as the standard beyond-visual-range missile for both PLAAF and People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF) fighters.[8][6]

In 2017, the United States began developing the AIM-260 JATM to replace the currently in-service AIM-120 AMRAAM in order to better counter the PL-15. The AIM-260 JATM is planned to enter service by 2024, with advanced variants of the AIM-120 (such as the AIM-120D) serving as a stop-gap until the AIM-260 can be fielded.[9][10]

The PL-15E, the export variant, was presented at the 2021 Zhuhai Airshow. The PL-15E has less range than the PL-15, possibly due to changes in propellant or rocket motor.[6] This is similar to the situation between SD-10 and its domestic counterpart PL-12.[6]

There were constant rumors about a variant or derivate of the PL-15 designed for compressed carriage.[11] In 2020, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) reported the development of the PL-16 missile, a thinner version of the PL-15, to allow J-20 to carry six missiles inside its internal carriage.[12] In January 2024, the PL-16 missile was confirmed to have a smaller airframe design with folded fins and a high-performance dual-pulse motor to maintain a performance level similar to the regular PL-15.[4] At the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow, the export variant PL-15E was shown to have folding rear fins, increasing the internal payload of the Chengdu J-20 and Shenyang J-35.[13][14] The PL15 and PL-15E with folding fins could supplement or replace the regular PL-15 in the future.[11]

التصميم

The missile is measured between 3.8 و 4 متر (12 و 13 ft),[8] longer and wider than other contemporary radar missiles. The cropped control fins are designed for internal carriage by stealth aircraft.[6] A later redesign incorporated folding tail fins and smaller central fins, further decreasing its footprint.[13] It incorporates a dual-pulsed solid-fuel rocket motor,[15][5] capable of a speed of Mach 4+ and a range of more than 200 كيلومتر (120 mi) – comparable to that of the Anglo-French MBDA Meteor.[8] Compared to the ramjet-powered Meteor, which has advantages in sustained flight profile with a fly-out speed between Mach 3 and 3.5, the dual-pulsed solid propellant rocket motor of PL-15 offers higher burn-out speed excess of Mach 5, then gradually loses its velocity at the terminal phase.[16] Meteor is likely to retain a larger NEZ (No Escape Zone) and higher long-range kill probability due to its ramjet propulsion.[17][8] However, PL-15 can also sustain the Mach 5 speed longer if launched at supersonic speed.[2]

The missile is guided by a miniature active electronically scanned array radar seeker,[18] sporting both active and passive modes for the different mission set. It also features improved resistance to countermeasures.[6] The hybrid guidance system supports a mid-course two-way datalink led by AEW&C aircraft and autonomous terminal radar homing.[5]

PL-15 E and PL-12 AE air to air missile

التاريخ العملياتي

پاكستان

استخدمت القوات الجوية الپاكستانية صواريخ PL-15E في الضربات الپاكستانية الهندية 2025. في 7 مايو 2025، عُثر على حطام طائرة PL-15E پاكستانية في حقل بالقرب من مدينة هوشيارپور الهندية بولاية الپنجاب.[19]

التنويعات

صاروخ PL-15E يُنتج بواسطة الروبوتات في مصنع صيني مؤتمت بالكامل.
PL-15
PLAAF domestic version with an estimated range of 200–300 km (120–190 mi).[5][8][1]
PL-15E
Export version of PL-15 with a reduced maximum launch range of 145 km[20]
PL-15/E Folding Fins
PL-15 and PL-15E with folded tail fins that allows J-20 and J-35 internal weapons bay to carry six missiles.[11][13]
PL-16 (CH-AA-X-13)[2]
A further development of PL-15 that allows J-20's internal weapons bay to carry six missiles simultaneously (whereas PL-15 is quad-packed). The PL-16 missile, while smaller in dimension, features a compressed airframe, folded fins, and a high-performance dual-pulse motor to deliver the same performance as the regular PL-15.[4]

المشغلون

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين
Flag of Pakistan.svg پاكستان

انظر أيضا

صواريخ مماثلة

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب Chen, Chuanren (20 July 2017). "New Chinese Weapons Seen On J-10C Fighter". Aviation International News. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
  2. ^ أ ب ت Asia-Pacific Regional Security Assessment 2024. The International Institute for Strategic Studies. May 2024. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-dossiers/asia-pacific-regional-security-assessment-2024/chapter-6/. 
  3. ^ Barrie, Douglas (21 February 2023). "China's air force modernisation: gaining pace". International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  4. ^ أ ب ت Barrie, Douglas (20 January 2024). "Air-to-air missiles push the performance, payload envelope". International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Wood, Yang & Cliff 2020, pp. 38–39.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د Newdick, Thomas (1 September 2022). "A Guide To China's Increasingly Impressive Air-To-Air Missile Inventory". The Drive. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  7. ^ Barrie, Douglas (21 February 2018). "It's Not Your Father's PLAAF: China's Push to Develop Domestic Air-to-Air Missiles". War on the Rocks. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Bronk 2020, p. 36.
  9. ^ Cohen, Rachel S. (20 June 2019). "Air Force Developing AMRAAM Replacement to Counter China". Air Force Magazine. Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  10. ^ Tirpak, John (2023-05-02). "Kendall and Brown: JATM Will Start Production This Year, Equip Collaborative Combat Aircraft". Air & Space Forces Magazine (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  11. ^ أ ب ت Joe, Rick (30 November 2024). "Assessing the J-35A: The Chinese Air Force's New Stealth Fighter". The Diplomat.
  12. ^ Barrie, Douglas (24 April 2020). "Air-launched missiles: a low-observable numbers game". International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  13. ^ أ ب ت Newdick, Thomas (11 November 2024). "New Version Of Chinese PL-15 Air-To-Air Missile Tailored For Stealth Fighters Revealed". The War Zone.
  14. ^ Waldron, Greg (15 November 2024). "PL-15E at Zhuhai suggests China squeezing more missiles into stealth jets". FlightGlobal. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024.
  15. ^ Wood, Yang & Cliff 2020, p. 41.
  16. ^ Barrie, Douglas (9 September 2022). "Air-to-air warfare: speed kills". Military Balance Blog. International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  17. ^ Newdick, Thomas (2022-09-01). "A Guide To China's Increasingly Impressive Air-To-Air Missile Inventory". The Drive (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  18. ^ Champion, Marc (7 May 2018). "Chinese Missiles Are Transforming Balance of Power in the Skies". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2022-11-06.
  19. ^ Newdick, Thomas (May 7, 2025). "China's PL-15 Air-To-Air Missile Appears To Have Been Used In Combat For The First Time". The War Zone. Archived from the original on May 7, 2025.
  20. ^ "China's most advanced air-to-air missile destined for export market". South China Morning Post (in الإنجليزية). 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  21. ^ Huang, Kristin (30 September 2021). "New version of China's most advanced air-to-air missile the PL-15 is destined for export market". South China Morning Post.
  22. ^ "Update: Pakistan shows JF-17 Block III fitted with PL-15 missiles for first time". Default (in الإنجليزية). 2025-05-05. Retrieved 2025-05-06.
  23. ^ Khattak, Arsalan (2025-05-06). "PAF's JF-17s Now Carry Long-Range Missiles With Hundreds of Kilometers Range". ProPakistani (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2025-05-06.
  24. ^ "Despite Rafale, Indian attempt to advance towards Pakistan fails". www.thenews.com.pk (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-05-07.
  25. ^ "China delivers PL-15 missiles to Pakistan amid tensions with India: Should New Delhi be worried?". Firstpost (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2025-04-28. Retrieved 2025-05-06.


المراجع

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