أوريبيا لا گواخيرا Uribia, La Guajira
أوريبيا
Uribia | |
|---|---|
بلدية ومدينة | |
 كنيسة في وسط البلد، أوريبيا. | |
.svg&filetimestamp=20231225155648&) Flag .svg&filetimestamp=20260215023853&) الشعار | |
| الشعار: Capital Indigena de Colombia (العاصمة الأصلية لكولومبيا) | |
 موقع مدينة وبلدية أوريبيا في محافظة لا گواخيرا. | |
| الإحداثيات: 11°55′N 72°00′W / 11.917°N 72.000°W | |
| البلد | كولومبيا |
| المنطقة | الكاريبي |
| المحافظة | لا گواخيرا |
| Foundation | March 1, 1935 |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة | Jaime Luis Buitrago García (L)[1] |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 8٬200 كم² (3٬200 ميل²) |
| التعداد (تقدير 2019[2]) | |
| • الإجمالي | 198٬890 |
| • الكثافة | 24/km2 (63/sq mi) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC-5 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | [2] |
| * | |
أوريبيا هي مدينة صغيرة وبلدية في محافظة لا گواخيرا في كولومبيا. وهي أحدث بلدية في هذه المحافظة منذ سنة 2000. Northern Zone of the Cerrejón coal mines are located in this municipality. The municipality also contains the Serranía de Macuira mountain range which is an isolated low altitude mountain range in the middle of La Guajira Desert. One third of this mountain range is also a National Natural Park of Colombia.
الجغرافيا والمناخ
The Municipality of Uribia covers most of the northern area of the Guajira Peninsula, the northernmost part of South America. Uribia borders to the north and west with the Caribbean Sea which surround more than half the municipality; to the east Uribia has a short border with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; to the south its borders the municipality of Maicao and southwest the municipality of Riohacha.
The Upper Guajira is arid, presenting clay formations with scarce vegetation of cactus and other xerophiles. The Serranía de Macuira lies in the middle of the upper region presenting three predominant hills 650 متر (2،130 ft) or more above sea level in the Macuira, Jarará and La Teta.[3]
Uribia has an arid climate (Köppen BWh) owing to its extremely hot temperatures that average around 30 °C (86 °F) on most days of the year. Rainfall averages around 360 ميليمتر (14 in) per year but even in the “wet” months of May, September, October and November it does not reach the level of potential evaporation. Humidity is generally high enough to make the consistent heat very uncomfortable.
| بيانات المناخ لـ Urbia (Nazreth), elevation 85 m (279 ft), (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | ينا | فب | مار | أبر | ماي | يون | يول | أغس | سبت | أكت | نوف | ديس | السنة |
| متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) | 30.3 (86.5) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 25.7 (78.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
| متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) | 23.4 (74.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
| متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) | 20.7 (0.81) |
11.3 (0.44) |
10.5 (0.41) |
23.7 (0.93) |
44.3 (1.74) |
14.2 (0.56) |
6.5 (0.26) |
17.8 (0.70) |
46.0 (1.81) |
154.5 (6.08) |
153.5 (6.04) |
70.6 (2.78) |
573.6 (22.58) |
| Average precipitation days | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 59 |
| متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) | 82 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 84 | 85 | 84 | 82 |
| Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس | 220.1 | 194.8 | 204.6 | 165.0 | 173.6 | 210.0 | 244.9 | 244.9 | 204.0 | 182.9 | 186.0 | 189.1 | 2٬419٫9 |
| المتوسط اليومي ساعات سطوع الشمس | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[4] | |||||||||||||
| بيانات المناخ لـ أوريبيا (Pto Bolivar), elevation 10 m (33 ft), (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | ينا | فب | مار | أبر | ماي | يون | يول | أغس | سبت | أكت | نوف | ديس | السنة |
| متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) | 31.4 (88.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
34.3 (93.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 27.0 (80.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
| متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) | 24.6 (76.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
| متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) | 4.8 (0.19) |
1.5 (0.06) |
2.6 (0.10) |
6.9 (0.27) |
27.3 (1.07) |
8.2 (0.32) |
11.0 (0.43) |
29.3 (1.15) |
60.2 (2.37) |
95.2 (3.75) |
53.5 (2.11) |
30.3 (1.19) |
326.3 (12.85) |
| Average precipitation days | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 43 |
| متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) | 75 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 78 | 77 | 76 | 75 |
| Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس | 279.0 | 256.9 | 269.7 | 243.0 | 244.9 | 240.0 | 275.9 | 282.1 | 237.0 | 223.2 | 228.0 | 260.4 | 3٬040٫1 |
| المتوسط اليومي ساعات سطوع الشمس | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[4] | |||||||||||||
| بيانات المناخ لـ Uribia (Rancho Grande), elevation 50 m (160 ft), (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | ينا | فب | مار | أبر | ماي | يون | يول | أغس | سبت | أكت | نوف | ديس | السنة |
| متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) | 31.9 (89.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.8 (92.8) |
34.3 (93.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.6 (94.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.2 (91.8) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 27.8 (82.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.1 (82.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
| متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) | 24.1 (75.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
| متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) | 6.9 (0.27) |
4.3 (0.17) |
1.2 (0.05) |
9.3 (0.37) |
34.7 (1.37) |
10.4 (0.41) |
7.2 (0.28) |
28.9 (1.14) |
72.4 (2.85) |
96.0 (3.78) |
56.6 (2.23) |
19.8 (0.78) |
347.4 (13.68) |
| Average precipitation days | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 36 |
| متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) | 67 | 66 | 65 | 66 | 68 | 66 | 65 | 66 | 69 | 72 | 71 | 69 | 68 |
| Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس | 275.9 | 242.8 | 257.3 | 213.0 | 220.1 | 237.0 | 263.5 | 263.5 | 225.0 | 213.9 | 219.0 | 248.0 | 2٬879 |
| المتوسط اليومي ساعات سطوع الشمس | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[4] | |||||||||||||
التاريخ
التبشير
The process of evangelizations of the Wayuu people restarted in 1887 with the return of the Capuchin friars under reverend friar José María de Valdeviejas. In 1905, Pope Pius X created the Vicariate of La Guajira and as first Vicar, friar Atanasio Vicente Soler y Royo in an attempt to "civilize" the Wayuu people.[5]
The friars the created the orphanages for Wayuu children beginning with the La Sierrita orphanage built in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains in 1903; followed by the San Antonio orphanage in 1910 located by the Calancala River, Nazareth orphanage in the Serrania de Macuira mountains in 1913 creating a direct influence over the Rancherías of Guarrachal, El Pájaro, Carazúa, Guaraguao, Murumana, Garra patamana and Karraipía. While Nazareth had some control over the rancherías of Taroa, Maguaipa, Guaseipá and Alpanapause. The friars constantly visited the settlements inviting to attend mass. Wayuu children in the orphanage were educated with traditional European customs. Conflicts between the Wayuu people and the Colombian government decreased since then. In 1942 the village of Uribia celebrated for the first time Christmas and New Year's Eve.[5]
التأسيس الرسمي
Uribia was founded officially on March 1, 1935 by Captain Eduardo Londoño Villegas in honor of Colombian Liberal Party leader Rafael Uribe Uribe, prior to this the village was named Chitki in Wayuu language. The main plaza was created and named after Francisco de Paula Santander one of the leaders of the Colombian independence from Spain.[6]
عاصمة مفوضية لا گواخيرا الخاصة
Uribia became a regional capital town of the Special Commissary of La Guajira until 1954, when the National Intendency of La Guajira was created and the capital transferred to Riohacha.[7]
الثقافة
Uribia is predominantly inhabited by indigenous peoples pertaining to the Wayuu ethnic group. Cultural activities are directly related to them. The city celebrates the "Festival of the Wayuu Culture" from May 31 to June 1 every year.[8]
النقل
معرض
-
Puerto Estrella in the municipality of Uribia -
Cerro La Teta, northern municipality of Uribia - Guajira Desert
المراجع
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Estimaciones de Población 1985 - 2005 y Proyecciones de Población 2005 - 2020 Total Municipal por Área (estimate)". DANE. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ (in إسپانية) todacolombia.com: La Guajira
- ^ أ ب ت "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ أ ب "Luis Angel Arango Library: The Capuchins mission and the Wayuu Culture" (in الإسبانية). Archived from the original on 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- ^ (in إسپانية) Luis Angel Arango Library: Foundation of Uribia
- ^ (in إسپانية) Revista Credencial Historia. (Bogotá - Colombia). Edition 141 of September, 2001: Foundation of Colombian cities and towns
- ^ "National System for Cultural Information: Festival of the Wayuu Culture" (in الإسبانية). Archived from the original on 2015-02-09. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
وصلات خارجية
- (in إسپانية) Gobernacion de La Guajira - Uribia
- (in إسپانية) Luis Angel Arango Library: Guajira visual memory
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Articles with إسپانية-language sources (es)
- CS1 الإسبانية-language sources (es)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Municipalities of La Guajira Department