غرب سسكس

Coordinates: 50°55′N 0°30′W / 50.917°N 0.500°W / 50.917; -0.500
(تم التحويل من West Sussex)
إذا كنت تريد the former parliamentary constituency، انظر West Sussex (UK Parliament constituency).
West Sussex
مقاطعة تشريفية
The South Downs near Steyning;
the beach and pier at Bognor Regis; and the Old Punch Bowl pub in Crawley, a Wealden hall house

Flag of West Sussex County Council
Flag

Coat of arms of West Sussex County Council
Coat of arms
West Sussex within England
البلدالمملكة المتحدة
المقاطعةإنگلترة
المنطقةSouth East England
التأسيس1888
(administratively) , 1974
(ceremonially)
منطقة التوقيتUTC±00:00 (توقيت گرينتش المتوسط)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+01:00 (توقيت بريطانيا الصيفي)
أعضاء البرلمان8 members
المقاطعة الاحتفالية
الحاكم العامSusan Pyper[1]
المأمورTimothy Fooks[2] (2020–21)
المساحة1،991 km2 (769 sq mi)
الترتيب30th من 48
تعداد (2008 تق.)781,600
الترتيب27th من 48
الكثافة السكانية393/km2 (1،020/sq mi)
العرقية96.6% White
1.7% S.Asian
Non-metropolitan county
مجلس المقاطعة

West Sussex County Council
التنفيذيةالمحافظين
المقر الرئيسي للمسئولChichester
المساحة1،991 km2 (769 sq mi)
الترتيب من 26
السكان781,600
الترتيب9th من 26
الكثافة السكانية393/km2 (1،020/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2GB-WSX
رمز ONS45
NUTSUKJ24
الموقع الإلكترونيhttps://www.westsussex.gov.uk/
الأحياء

  Unitary   County council area
Districts of West Sussex
الأحياء

غرب سسكس (بالانجليزية: West Sussex) مقاطعة إنجليزية تقع في جنوب شرق إنجلترا يحدها شرقا مقاطعة شرق ساسكس و شمال مقاطعة سري و من الغرب و الشمال الغربي مقاطعة هامبشير و من الجنوب المقاطعة مطلة على البحر حيث يحدها يحدها القنال الإنجليزي.منذ القرن الثاني عشر عندما كانت مملكة ساسكس قائمة كان اقليم ساسكس يدار بادارتين منفصلتين في شرقه و غربه. مركز المقاطعة هو تشيشستر .

مقاطعة غرب سسكس مشهورة باهتمامها بأصناف الطعام و أيضا ينتشر في المقاطعة بعض البيوت الكبيره التي هي أشبه بالقصور و التي تسمى ستيتلي هومز ينتشر ايضا في المقاطعة بعض القصور مثل قصر ارونديل و قصر برامبر أكثر من نصف المقاطعة منطقه محمية و شواطئها مناسبة للمشي و ممارسة رياضة ركوب الدرجات الهوائية. أقتصاد المقاطعة يقوم على شركات الخدمات والتجارة وتشكل الصناعة المورد الاقتصادي الثاني ، توجد في المقاطعة القليل من الانشطة الزراعية.

The county has a long history of human settlement dating back to the Lower Paleolithic era. During the Roman conquest of Britain, Romans conquered the Atrebates, West Sussex's indigenous Britons, and incorporated the area as a Roman province. During the Early Middle Ages, the Saxons settled the area, establishing the Kingdom of Sussex in 477, which lasted until 827ح. 827 when the kingdom was annexed by Wessex. It is home to Gatwick Airport, the UK's the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic. The county has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark, and castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle.

التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ سسكس

The name Sussex, derived from the Old English 'Sūþseaxe' ('South Saxons'), dates from the Saxon period between AD 477 to 1066, and the history of human habitation in Sussex goes back to the Old Stone Age.[3] The oldest hominin remains known in Britain were found at Eartham Pit, Boxgrove.[4][5] Prehistoric monuments include the Devil's Jumps, a group of Bronze Age burial mounds, and the Iron Age Cissbury Ring and Chanctonbury Ring hill forts on the South Downs.

The Roman period saw the building of Fishbourne Roman Palace and rural villas such as Bignor Roman Villa together with a network of roads including Stane Street, the Chichester to Silchester Way and the Sussex Greensand Way. The Romans used the Weald for iron production on an industrial scale.[6]

The foundation of the Kingdom of Sussex is recorded by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year AD 477; it says that Ælle arrived at a place called Cymenshore in three ships with his three sons and killed or put to flight the local inhabitants. The foundation story is regarded as somewhat of a myth by most historians, although the archaeology suggests that Saxons did start to settle in the area in the late 5th century.[7][8] The Kingdom of Sussex was absorbed into Wessex as an earldom and became the county of Sussex.

With its origins in the kingdom of Sussex, the later county of Sussex was traditionally divided into six units known as rapes. By the 16th century, the three western rapes were grouped together informally, having their own separate Quarter Sessions. These were governed by a separate county council from 1888, the county of Sussex being divided into the administrative counties of East and West Sussex. In 1974, West Sussex was made a single ceremonial county with the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time a large part of the eastern rape of Lewes (the Mid Sussex district which includes the towns of Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred into West Sussex.

Until 1834, provision for the poor and destitute in West Sussex was made at parish level. From 1835 until 1948 eleven Poor Law Unions, each catering for several parishes, took on the job.[9]

المستوطنات

انظر أيضاً: List of places in West Sussex and List of settlements in West Sussex by population
ملف:Chichester - Market Cross - geograph.org.uk - 1350884.jpg
Chichester Market Cross

Most settlements in West Sussex are either along the south coast or in Mid Sussex, near the Brighton Main Line and M23/A23 corridor. The town of Crawley is the largest in the county with an estimated population of 106,600.[10] The coastal settlement of Worthing closely follows with a population of 104,600.[10] The seaside resort of Bognor Regis and the market town of Horsham are both large towns. Chichester, the county town, has a cathedral and city status, and is situated not far from the border with Hampshire. Other conurbations of a similar size are Burgess Hill, East Grinstead and Haywards Heath in the Mid Sussex district, Littlehampton in the Arun district, and Lancing, Southwick and Shoreham in the Adur district. Much of the coastal town population is part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation.

Rustington and Southwater are the next largest settlements in the county. There are several more towns in West Sussex, including Arundel, Midhurst, Petworth, Selsey, Steyning, Henfield, Pulborough and Storrington. Other notable villages include Billingshurst, Copthorne, Crawley Down, Cuckfield, Hassocks, Hurstpierpoint and Lindfield.

الجغرافيا

ملف:West Sussex 1813 One Inch to the Mile map scan.jpg
1813/54 one inch to the mile OS map

الجغرافيا الطبيعية

انظر أيضاً: Geology of West Sussex and List of hills of West Sussex
ملف:West Sussex general map.svg
General map of West Sussex.

West Sussex is bordered by Hampshire to the west, Surrey to the north and East Sussex to the east. The English Channel lies to the south. The area has been formed from Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rock strata, part of the Weald–Artois Anticline. The eastern part of this ridge, the Weald of Kent, Sussex and Surrey has been greatly eroded, with the chalk surface removed to expose older Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Wealden Group.[11] In West Sussex the exposed rock becomes older towards the north of the county with Lower Greensand ridges along the border with Surrey including the highest point of the county at Blackdown. Erosion of softer sand and clay strata has hollowed out the basin of the Weald leaving a north facing scarp slope of the chalk which runs east and west across the whole county, broken only by the valleys of the River Arun and River Adur.[12] In addition to these two rivers which drain most of the county a winterbourne, the River Lavant, flows intermittently from springs on the dip slope of the chalk downs north of Chichester.[13] Some intermittent streams are known in the local dialect as "rifes".[14]

The county makes up 1.52% of the total land of England, making it the 30th largest county in the country.[15]

Bognor Regis
جدول طقس (التفسير)
يفمأمييأسأند
 
 
76
 
8
3
 
 
50
 
8
3
 
 
56
 
10
4
 
 
47
 
13
6
 
 
44
 
16
9
 
 
44
 
19
12
 
 
41
 
21
14
 
 
51
 
21
14
 
 
59
 
19
12
 
 
92
 
15
9
 
 
83
 
11
6
 
 
82
 
9
4
متوسطات درجات الحرارة القصوى والدنيا - °س
إجمالي الهطل - مم
المصدر: Met Office[16]

Politics

للمزيد من المعلومات: History of local government in Sussex

Members of Parliament

Since the 2015 general election, West Sussex has been represented entirely by Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs).[17]

Constituency Constituency within West Sussex Member of Parliament Portrait Party
Arundel & South Downs
Andrew Griffith
Conservative Party
Bognor Regis & Littlehampton
Nick Gibb
Conservative Party
Chichester
Gillian Keegan
Conservative Party
Crawley
Henry Smith
Conservative Party
Horsham
Jeremy Quin
Conservative Party
Mid Sussex
Mims Davies
Conservative Party
Worthing East & Shoreham
Tim Loughton
Conservative Party
Worthing West
Peter Bottomley
Conservative Party

County Council

المقالة الرئيسية: West Sussex County Council
The Coat of Arms of West Sussex County Council, used 1889 to 1975, is based on the heraldic shield of Sussex
Former flag of West Sussex County Council, used from 1889 to 1975

Economy and demography

This is a table of trend of regional gross value added of West Sussex at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.[18]

Year Regional gross
value added[19]		 Agriculture[20] Industry[21] Services[22]
1995 8,564 208 2,239 6,116
2000 10,576 162 2,545 7,869
2003 12,619 185 2,520 9,915

Significant companies in the county include Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, a substantial employer near Chichester. Gatwick Airport, with associated airlines including British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, is a major source of direct and indirect employment. Thales Group also has a presence in the county.

The table below shows the population change up to the 2011 census, contrasting the previous census. It also shows the proportion of residents in each district reliant upon lowest income and/or joblessness benefits, the national average proportion of which was 4.5% as at August 2012, the year for which latest datasets have been published. It can be seen that the most populous district of West Sussex is Arun containing the towns of Arundel, Bognor Regis and Littlehampton:

انظر أيضاً: List of settlements in West Sussex by population
Population from census to census. Claimants of JSA or Income Support (DWP)[23]
Unit JSA or Inc. Supp. claimants (August 2012)  % of 2011 population JSA and Income Support claimants (August 2001) % of 2001 population Population (April 2011) Population (April 2001)
West Sussex 2.7% 5.1% 806,892 753,614
Ranked by district
Crawley 3.8% 5.3% 106,597 99,744
Worthing 3.6% 6.7% 104,640 97,568
Adur 3.2% 6.3% 61,182 59,627
Arun 3.0% 6.4% 149,518 140,759
Chichester 2.3% 4.8% 113,794 106,450
Horsham 1.9% 3.3% 131,301 122,088
Mid Sussex 1.6% 3.6% 139,860 127,378

See also

References

  1. ^ "The West Sussex Lieutenancy". Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  2. ^ "No. 62943". The London Gazette. 13 March 2020. p. 5161.
  3. ^ Armstrong. History of Sussex. Chapter 2. The first Inhabitants
  4. ^ "SSSI Citation — Eartham Pit" (PDF). Natural England. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 مايو 2011. Retrieved 4 نوفمبر 2012.
  5. ^ A History of Britain, Richard Dargie (2007), p. 8–9
  6. ^ H. Cleere & D. Crossley, Iron industry of the Weald (2nd edn, Merton Priory Press, Cardiff, 1995), 79–84; based on work by H. F. Cleere, including 'Some operating parameters for Roman ironworks' Inst Archaeol. Bull. 13 (1976), 233–46.
  7. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Parker MS. 477AD.
  8. ^ Welch, M.G. (1992). Anglo-Saxon England. English Heritage. ISBN 0-7134-6566-2. pg 9
  9. ^ "West Sussex County Council: Poor Law Records". Archived from the original on 13 فبراير 2015. Retrieved 17 مايو 2022.
  10. ^ أ ب Office for National Statistics (16 يوليو 2012). "Census 2011 result shows increase in population of the South East". Archived from the original on 5 يناير 2016. Retrieved 13 ديسمبر 2012.
  11. ^ Gallois R.W. & Edmunds M.A. (4th Ed 1965), The Wealden District, British Regional Geology series, British Geological Survey, ISBN 0-11-884078-9
  12. ^ Mantell, Gideon Algernon; Jones (1857). The Wonders of Geology. Vol. I. Thomas Rupert (7th ed.). London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 371. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  13. ^ Marsh, Terry; Hannaford, Jamie (2008). UK Hydrometric Register (PDF). Natural Environment Research Council. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-9557672-2-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  14. ^ "British Government catchment planning". Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  15. ^ Barrow, Mandy. "Project Britain British Life and Culture". Project Britain. Mandy Barrow. Archived from the original on 6 أكتوبر 2017. Retrieved 24 سبتمبر 2017.
  16. ^ "Bognor Regis Climate". Met Office. Archived from the original on 13 ديسمبر 2013. Retrieved 8 ديسمبر 2013.
  17. ^ "BBC NEWS – Election 2010 – South East". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 يوليو 2015. Retrieved 17 يونيو 2010.
  18. ^ [1] Archived 28 يوليو 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  20. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  21. ^ includes energy and construction
  22. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  23. ^ Key Statistics: Population; Quick Statistics: Economic indicators Archived 11 فبراير 2003 at the Wayback Machine. (2011 census and 2001 census) Retrieved 27 February 2015.

وصلات خارجية

Neighbouring counties
Kent Surrey Hampshire
East Sussex شمال Hampshire
الشرق   West Sussex    الغرب
جنوب
English Channel English Channel Isle of Wight

50°55′N 0°30′W / 50.917°N 0.500°W / 50.917; -0.500

الكلمات الدالة:
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