كارل رونگه
كارل رونگه | |
|---|---|
Carl Runge | |
 Carl David Tolmé Runge | |
| وُلِدَ | 30 أغسطس 1856 |
| توفي | 3 يناير 1927 (aged 70) |
| الجنسية | German |
| التعليم | Berlin University |
| عـُرِف بـ | Runge–Kutta method Runge's phenomenon Runge's theorem Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector Schumann–Runge bands |
| السيرة العلمية | |
| المجالات | Mathematics Physics |
| الهيئات | Leibniz University Hannover (1886–1904) University of Göttingen (1904–1925) |
| المشرف على الدكتوراه | Karl Weierstrass Ernst Kummer |
| طلاب الدكتوراه | Max Born Friedrich Adolf Willers Hermann König |
كارل دافيد تولميه رونگه (Carl David Tolmé Runge ؛ ألمانية: [ˈʁʊŋə]؛ 30 أغسطس 1856 – 3 يناير 1927) كان عالم رياضيات وفيزياء ومطيافية ألماني.
He was co-developer and co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method (ألمانية pronunciation: [ˈʀʊŋə ˈkʊta]), in the field of what is today known as numerical analysis.
الحياة والعمل
Runge spent the first few years of his life in Havana, where his father Julius Runge was the Danish consul. His mother was Fanny Schwartz Tolmé.[1] The family later moved to Bremen, where his father died early (in 1864).
In 1880, he received his Ph.D. in mathematics at Berlin, where he studied under Karl Weierstrass. في 1886، أصبح أستاذاً في Technische Hochschule Hannover في هانوفر، ألمانيا.
His interests included mathematics, spectroscopy, geodesy, and astrophysics. In addition to pure mathematics, he did experimental work studying spectral lines of various elements (together with Heinrich Kayser), and was very interested in the application of this work to astronomical spectroscopy.
In 1904, on the initiative of Felix Klein he was offered a position at the University of Göttingen, which he accepted. There he remained until his retirement in 1925.
العائلة
His daughter Iris also became a mathematician and his son Wilhelm was an early developer of radar. Another of his daughters, Nerina (Nina), married the mathematician Richard Courant.
التكريم
الفوهة رونگه على سطح القمر مسماة على اسمه. The Schumann–Runge bands of molecular oxygen are named after him and Victor Schumann.
انظر أيضاً
أعماله
- Ueber die Krümmung, Torsion und geodätische Krümmung der auf einer Fläche gezogenen Curven (PhD dissertation, Friese, 1880)
- Praxis der Gleichungen (G.J. Göschen, Leipzig, 1900)
- Praxis der Gleichungen, zweite, verbesserte Auflage (W. de Gruyter, Berlin, 1921)[2]
- Analytische Geometrie der Ebene (B.G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1908)[3]
- Graphical methods; a course of lectures delivered in Columbia university, New York, October, 1909, to January, 1910 (Columbia University Press, New York, 1912)
- Graphische Methoden (Teubner, 1912)[4]
- Graphische Methoden, dritte Auflage (Teubner, 1928)
- Vektoranalysis (S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1919)
- Vector Analysis (Methuen & Co., London, 1923); translated from 1919 German original by H. Levy
- Carl Runge und Hermann König: Vorlesungen über numerisches Rechnen (Springer, Heidelberg, 1924)
ببليوجرافيا
- Paschen F (1929). "Carl Runge". Astrophysical Journal. 69: 317–321. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..317P. doi:10.1086/143192.
- Iris Runge: Carl Runge und sein wissenschaftliches Werk, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1949.
المراجع
- ^ Tobies, Renate (5 January 2012). Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 439. ISBN 978-3-0348-0251-2.
- ^ Swift, Elijah (1923). "Book Review: Praxis der Gleichungen". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 29 (7): 327–328. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1923-03742-7. ISSN 0002-9904.
- ^ Bôcher, Maxime (1909). "Book Review: Analytische Geometrie der Ebene". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 16 (1): 30–33. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1909-01851-8. ISSN 0002-9904.
- ^ Gronwall, T. H. (1916). "Book Review: Graphische Methoden". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 22 (8): 407–408. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1916-02812-6. ISSN 0002-9904.
وصلات خارجية
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Carl David Tolmé Runge", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
- Biography
- كارل رونگه at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- Short description with empty Wikidata description
- Pages with ألمانية IPA
- مواليد 1856
- وفيات 1927
- Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
- 19th-century German mathematicians
- 19th-century German physicists
- Numerical analysts
- Scientists from Bremen (city)
- German spectroscopists
- Academic staff of Leibniz University Hannover
- Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
- 20th-century German mathematicians
- 20th-century German physicists
- Presidents of the German Mathematical Society