1242
| القرون: | قرن 12 · قرن 13 · قرن 14 |
| العقود: | ع1210 ع1220 ع1230 ع1240 ع1250 ع1260 ع1270 |
| السنوات: | 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 12 – القرن 13 – القرن 14 |
| عقود: | عقد 1210 عقد 1220 عقد 1230 – عقد 1240 – عقد 1250 عقد 1260 عقد 1270 |
| سنين: | 1240 1241 1242 – 1243 – 1244 1245 1246 |
| 1242 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| الفن والأدب | |
| 1242 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1242 MCCXLII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1995 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 691 ԹՎ ՈՂԱ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5992 |
| التقويم البهائي | −602 – −601 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 649 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2192 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 26 Hen. 3 – 27 Hen. 3 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1786 |
| التقويم البورمي | 604 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6750–6751 |
| التقويم الصيني | 辛丑年 (المعدن الثور) 3938 أو 3878 — إلى — 壬寅年 (الماء النمر) 3939 أو 3879 |
| التقويم القبطي | 958–959 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2408 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1234–1235 |
| التقويم العبري | 5002–5003 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1298–1299 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1164–1165 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4343–4344 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11242 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 242–243 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 620–621 |
| التقويم الهجري | 639–640 |
| التقويم الياباني | Ninji 3 (仁治３年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1242 MCCXLII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3575 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 670 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前670年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1785 |
Year 1243 (MCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
حسب المكان
أوروبا
- March - King Ferdinand III (the Saint) turns the independent Taifa of Murcia into a protectorate, and initiates the process of the colonization and Christianization of the region. He receives the submission of the Moors، under the terms of a peace agreement (the famous Treaty of Alcaraz).
- 27 أبريل - معاهدة بوردو: King Louis IX (the Saint) and King Henry III agree to a truce that ends the Saintonge War. The truce does not stop the on-going clashes (and further tensions) between France and England.[1]
- Siege of Viterbo: Emperor Frederick II besieges Viterbo on request of the rebel citizens. The defenders are able to set fire to the siege towers and after signing a peace treaty, Frederick is persuaded to withdraw his army.[2]
- Siege of Montségur: French forces (some 10,000 men) begin the siege of Château de Montségur to raze the stronghold held by the rebellious Cathars. The castle is defended by some 100 troops and 500 refugees.[3]
- May 1 - The Castillan troops are garrisoned in Murcia، to support the Hudid Dynasty.[4]
- في سان مارينو، لأول مرة بناء على مبدأ القناصل الرومان، تم انتخاب Capitani Reggenti كرأسين مشتركين للدولة، كلُ لستة أشهر. وهو نظام الحكم الذي مازال سارياً حتى اليوم.
إنجلترة
- Spring - Henry III bestows the custody of Kenilworth Castle to Simon de Montfort. Simon's wife Eleanor، Henry's sister, already owned Odiham Castle (or King John's Castle) so Simon has two of the strongest fortresses in England under his control.
المشرق
- June 12 - A Crusader force under Balian III، lord of Beirut، captures Tyre after a long siege. The barons seize the citadel on July 10، with the help of Alice، queen of Cyprus، whose forces arrive on June 15. This ending the War of the Lombards.[5]
الإمبراطورية المنغولية
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- June 26 - Battle of Köse Dağ: The Mongols under Baiju Noyan defeat the Seljuk Turks of the Sultanate of Rum and their Byzantine allies. The Seljuks and the امبراطورية طرابيزوند become vassals of the Mongols.
حسب الموضوع
الدين
- 25 يونيو - Pope Innocent IV succeeds Celestine IV as the 180th pope of the Catholic Church، after a sede vacante of 7 months.
مواليد
- May 31 - James II، Aragonese ruler of Majorca (d. 1311)
- June 6 - Alix of Brittany، Breton noblewoman (d. 1288)
- June 28 - Go-Fukakusa، emperor of Japan (d. 1304)
- September 2
- Gilbert de Clare، English nobleman (d. 1295)
- Walter Langton، bishop of Coventry (d. 1321)
- Alfonso Fernández el Niño، Spanish nobleman (d. 1281)
- An Hyang (or Ahn Yu), Korean Confucian scholar (d. 1306)
- Augustinus Triumphus، Italian hermit and writer (d. 1328)
- Awaji Nichiken، Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 1338)
- Giles of Rome، Italian friar and archbishop (d. 1316)
- John I of Chalon-Auxerre، French nobleman (d. 1309)
- Riccoldo da Monte di Croce، Italian missionary (d. 1320)
- Roger Bernard III، French nobleman and poet (d. 1302)
- Zhenjin (or Chingkim), Mongolian prince (d. 1286)
وفيات
- January 17 - Herman V، German nobleman (b. 1180)
- January 19 - Konoe Iezane، Japanese nobleman (b. 1179)
- February 20 - Romano Bonaventura، Italian cardinal
- March 10 - Cyril III، patriarch of Alexandria (b. 1175)
- April 25 - Boniface of Valperga، Italian monk and bishop
- May 3 - Hawise of Chester، English noblewoman (b. 1180)
- May 4 - Hubert de Burgh، English Chief Justiciar (b. 1170)
- May 7 - Hugh d'Aubigny، English nobleman and knight
- June 4 - Constance، margravine of Meissen (b. 1212)
- June 26 - Dardin Shervashidze، Georgian nobleman
- August 16 - Stepan Tverdislavich، Russian posadnik
- October 15 - Hedwig of Silesia، Polish duchess (b. 1174)
- October 26 - Bernat Calbó (or Calvó), Catalan bishop
- Ermengol IX، Catalan nobleman and child ruler (b. 1235)
- Fujiwara no Reishi، Japanese empress consort (b. 1185)
- Haymo of Faversham، English priest and philosopher
- Indravarman II، Cambodian ruler of the Khmer Empire
- Maol Eoin Ó Crechain، Irish priest and archdeacon
- Margaret of Burgundy، countess of Savoy (b. 1192)
- أم السعد بنت عصام الحميري، شاعرة عربية.
المراجع
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 140. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Dennis Showalter (2013). The Encyclopedia of Warfare: Medieval Wars 500–1500, p. 77. ISBN 978-1-78274-119-0.
- ^ Claude Lebédel (2011). Understanding the tragedy of the Cathars, p. 109. Editions Quest-France. ISBN 978-2-7373-5267-6.
- ^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 88. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 185. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.