گـِرو ميزنبوك

(تم التحويل من Gero Miesenböck)
Gero Miesenböck

FRS
Miesenböck in 2015
وُلِدَ
Gero Andreas Miesenböck

15 يوليو 1965 (العمر 61 سنة)[1][2]
Austria
التعليم
عـُرِف بـ
الجوائز
السيرة العلمية
المجالاتNeuroscience
الهيئات
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.cncb.ox.ac.uk/people/gero-miesenboeck/

Gero Andreas Miesenböck (born 15 July 1965)[1] is an Austrian scientist. He is currently Waynflete Professor of Physiology and Director of the Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour (CNCB)[10] at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.[11]

Education and early life

A native of Austria,[2] Miesenböck was educated at the University of Innsbruck and Umeå University in Sweden.[1] He graduated sub auspiciis praesidentis rei publicae[2] from the University of Innsbruck Medical School. Following his Doctor of Medicine (MD) in 1993,[12] he undertook postdoctoral training with James Rothman.[13][14]

Research and career

Optogenetics

Miesenböck is known as the founder of optogenetics.[15][16][17][18][19][20] He was the first scientist to modify nerve cells genetically so that their electrical activity could be controlled with light.[15] This involved inserting DNA for light-responsive opsin proteins into the cells.[15] Miesenböck used similar genetic modifications to breed animals whose brains contained light-responsive nerve cells integrated into their circuitry, and was the first to demonstrate that the behavior of these animals could be remote-controlled.[16][19][21]

The principle of optogenetic control established by Miesenböck[15][16] has been widely adopted, generalized to other biological systems, and technically improved.[22][23][24]

Sleep and mitochondria

Drosophila Melanogaster, the object of Miesenböck's science in studying metabolism and sleep

Miesenböck's studies in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) point to aerobic metabolism as a root cause of sleep.[25] He discovered that sleep-inducing neurons[26][27][28] estimate sleep need by monitoring the flow of electrons through their mitochondria.[25][29] Sleep loss creates an imbalance between electron supply and ATP demand that diverts electrons from the respiratory chain into side reactions with molecular oxygen,[25] producing reactive oxygen species[29] which fragment the polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains of membrane lipids.[30] Sleep-control neurons use a redox-active potassium channel subunit to count the release of lipid peroxidation products and transduce this signal into sleep.[29][30] Miesenböck's work has thus furnished a molecular interpretation of sleep pressure, uncovered the cellular processes responsible for its accumulation and discharge, and identified aerobic metabolism as a fundamental cause of sleep.

Before being appointed to the Waynflete Professorship in 2007, Miesenböck held faculty positions at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Yale University.[16] In 2011 he became founding director of the Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior.[31]

Awards and honors

In 2012 Miesenböck was awarded the InBev-Baillet Latour International Health Prize[3] for "pioneering optogenetic approaches to manipulate neuronal activity and to control animal behaviour". In 2013 he shared the Brain Prize[4] with Ernst Bamberg, Edward Boyden, Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel, and the Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology and Medicine[5] with Edward Boyden and Karl Deisseroth. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015.[32]

His certificate of election reads: قالب:Centred pull quote In 2015 he received the Heinrich Wieland Prize[6] "for his breakthrough concept of optogenetics and its proof of principle" and in 2016 the Wilhelm Exner Medal.[33]

Miesenböck was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2008,[34] and a member of the Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom in 2012,[1] the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2014,[35] the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2016,[36] the Academia Europaea in 2017,[37] and an international member of the US National Academy of Sciences in 2025.[38]

In 2017, Trinity College Dublin awarded him an honorary doctorate.[39]

In 2019, Miesenböck received the Rumford Prize for "extraordinary contributions related to the invention and refinement of optogenetics," with Ernst Bamberg, Ed Boyden, Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel.[8] In the same year, he, Boyden, Deisseroth, and Hegemann won the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize.[9] In 2020 he was awarded the Shaw Prize in Life Sciences,[40] and in 2022 the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize.[41] In 2023 he received the Japan Prize.[42]

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Miesenböck, Prof. Gero". Who's Who. Vol. 2008 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ أ ب ت "Curriculum vitae: Gero Miesenböck, M.D" (PDF). inbevbailletlatour.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 يونيو 2015.
  3. ^ أ ب "Le Prix de la Santé". Fondsbailletlatour.com. Archived from the original on 16 يوليو 2018. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2015.
  4. ^ أ ب "Prize Winners 2013 – Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Foundation". Thebrainprize.org. 15 سبتمبر 2015. Archived from the original on 13 نوفمبر 2015. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2015.
  5. ^ أ ب "Past Winners | Brandeis University". Brandeis.edu. Archived from the original on 30 سبتمبر 2015. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2015.
  6. ^ أ ب "Heinrich Wieland Prize – Heinrich Wieland Prize – Homepage". Heinrich-wieland-prize.de. Archived from the original on 30 أكتوبر 2015. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2015.
  7. ^ "BBVA Awards – 2015 Laureates". Fbbva.es. Archived from the original on 25 فبراير 2016. Retrieved 1 مارس 2016.
  8. ^ أ ب "Rumford Prize Awarded for the Invention and Refinement of Optogenetics". American Academy of Arts & Sciences (in الإنجليزية). 30 يناير 2019. Retrieved 12 مارس 2019.
  9. ^ أ ب "2019 Warren Alpert Prize Recipients Announced | Warren Alpert Foundation Prize". warrenalpert.org. Archived from the original on 14 أغسطس 2021. Retrieved 16 يوليو 2019.
  10. ^ "Home". Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour.
  11. ^ "Professor Gero Miesenboeck | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk.
  12. ^ Miesenböck, Gero Andreas (1991). Relationship of Triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism (MD thesis). University of Innsbruck. ProQuest 303992193.
  13. ^ Miesenbock, G.; Rothman, J. E. (1997). "Patterns of synaptic activity in neural networks recorded by light emission from synaptolucins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (7): 3402–7. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.3402M. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3402. PMC 20382. PMID 9096406.
  14. ^ Miesenböck, G.; De Angelis, D. A.; Rothman, J. E. (1998). "Visualizing secretion and synaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins". Nature. 394 (6689): 192–195. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..192M. doi:10.1038/28190. PMID 9671304. S2CID 4320849.
  15. ^ أ ب ت ث Zemelman, B. V.; Lee, G. A.; Ng, M.; Miesenböck, G. (2002). "Selective photostimulation of genetically chARGed neurons". Neuron. 33 (1): 15–22. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00574-8. PMID 11779476. S2CID 16391269.
  16. ^ أ ب ت ث Lima, S. Q.; Miesenböck, G. (2005). "Remote control of behavior through genetically targeted photostimulation of neurons". Cell. 121 (1): 141–152. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.004. PMID 15820685. S2CID 14608546.
  17. ^ Miesenböck, G. (2008). "Lighting up the brain". Scientific American. 299 (4): 52–59. Bibcode:2008SciAm.299d..52M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1008-52 (inactive 12 يوليو 2025). PMID 18847085.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of 2025 (link)
  18. ^ Miesenböck, G. (2009). "The optogenetic catechism". Science. 326 (5951): 395–399. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..395M. doi:10.1126/science.1174520. PMID 19833960. S2CID 26999050.
  19. ^ أ ب "Gero Miesenboeck: Re-engineering the brain | TED Talk". TED.com. Archived from the original on 22 فبراير 2014. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2015.
  20. ^ Zimmer, Carl (12 أبريل 2005). "An Off-or-On Switch for Controlling Animals?". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 يوليو 2019.
  21. ^ Boyden, E. S.; Zhang, F.; Bamberg, E.; Nagel, G.; Deisseroth, K. (2005). "Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity". Nature Neuroscience. 8 (9): 1263–1268. doi:10.1038/nn1525. PMID 16116447. S2CID 6809511.
  22. ^ Wells, W. A. (2007). "Gero Miesenböck: Instructing the nervous system". The Journal of Cell Biology. 177 (3): 374–375. doi:10.1083/jcb.1773pi. PMC 2064810. PMID 17485485.
  23. ^ Miesenböck, G. (2011). "Optogenetic control of cells and circuits". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 27: 731–758. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100109-104051. PMC 3759011. PMID 21819234.
  24. ^ أ ب ت Sarnataro, Raffaele; Velasco, Cecilia D.; Monaco, Nicholas; Kempf, Anissa; Miesenböck, Gero (16 يوليو 2025). "Mitochondrial origins of the pressure to sleep". Nature (in الإنجليزية). doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09261-y. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 12443607. PMID 40670797. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
  25. ^ Donlea, Jeffrey M.; Thimgan, Matthew S.; Suzuki, Yasuko; Gottschalk, Laura; Shaw, Paul J. (24 يونيو 2011). "Inducing Sleep by Remote Control Facilitates Memory Consolidation in Drosophila". Science (in الإنجليزية). 332 (6037): 1571–1576. Bibcode:2011Sci...332.1571D. doi:10.1126/science.1202249. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 4064462. PMID 21700877.
  26. ^ Donlea, Jeffrey M.; Pimentel, Diogo; Miesenböck, Gero (مارس 2014). "Neuronal Machinery of Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila". Neuron (in الإنجليزية). 81 (6): 1442–. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.008. PMC 5628953. PMID 28898631.
  27. ^ Pimentel, Diogo; Donlea, Jeffrey M.; Talbot, Clifford B.; Song, Seoho M.; Thurston, Alexander J. F.; Miesenböck, Gero (18 أغسطس 2016). "Operation of a homeostatic sleep switch". Nature (in الإنجليزية). 536 (7616): 333–337. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..333P. doi:10.1038/nature19055. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4998959. PMID 27487216.
  28. ^ أ ب ت Kempf, Anissa; Song, Seoho M.; Talbot, Clifford B.; Miesenböck, Gero (أبريل 2019). "A potassium channel β-subunit couples mitochondrial electron transport to sleep". Nature (in الإنجليزية). 568 (7751): 230–234. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..230K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1034-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 6522370. PMID 30894743.
  29. ^ أ ب Rorsman, H. Olof; Müller, Max A.; Liu, Patrick Z.; Sanchez, Laura Garmendia; Kempf, Anissa; Gerbig, Stefanie; Spengler, Bernhard; Miesenböck, Gero (1 مايو 2025). "Sleep pressure accumulates in a voltage-gated lipid peroxidation memory". Nature (in الإنجليزية). 641 (8061): 232–239. Bibcode:2025Natur.641..232R. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08734-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 12043502. PMID 40108451. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmc= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help)
  30. ^ Gero Miesenböck, retrieved: 24 March 2020 in Wilhelmexner.org
  31. ^ Anon (2015). "Professor Gero Miesenböck FMedSci FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 7 أكتوبر 2015.
  32. ^ "Awardees". Wilmelm Exner Stiftung. Archived from the original on 1 أغسطس 2017. Retrieved 12 أبريل 2017.
  33. ^ "EMBO MEMBER: Gero Miesenböck". European Molecular Biology Organization. 2016. Archived from the original on 3 فبراير 2016.
  34. ^ Gero Miesenböck. "Korrespondierende Mitglieder der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse im Ausland". Oeaw.ac.at. Archived from the original on 22 ديسمبر 2015. Retrieved 6 نوفمبر 2015.
  35. ^ "Member Directory: Dr. Gero Miesenböck". www.leopoldina.org (in الألمانية). Retrieved 16 يوليو 2019.
  36. ^ "Academy of Europe: Miesenböck Gero".
  37. ^ "National Academy of Sciences Elects Members and International Members - NAS". www.nasonline.org (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 14 مايو 2025.
  38. ^ "Registrar : Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Ireland". www.tcd.ie. Retrieved 6 يناير 2020.
  39. ^ "The Shaw Prize". www.shawprize.org.
  40. ^ Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize 2022
  41. ^ Japan Prize 2023
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=گـِرو_ميزنبوك&oldid=4375193"