M

هذا المقال هو عن the letter of the Roman alphabet. إذا كنت تريد the letter of the Cyrillic script (М, м)، انظر Em (Cyrillic). إذا كنت تريد the letter of the Greek script (Μ, μ)، انظر Mu (letter). إذا كنت تريد other uses، انظر M (توضيح).

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين ញ, ᛖ, ₥, ℳ, ෆ, or ʍ.

M
M m
الاستخدام
نظام الكتابة	Latin script
النوع	Alphabetic and Logographic
لغة المنشأ	Latin language
الاستخدام الصوتي	[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] []ɛm[]
Unicode codepoint	U+004D, U+006D
الموقع الأبجدي	13 القيمة الرقمية: 1000
التاريخ
التطور	Μ μ 𐌌 M m
الفترة الزمنية	ح. 700 BCE to present
Descendants	₥ ™℠ [ك‍] ᴟ ꬺ ꟽ ɯ ɰ ꟿ ᛗ
شقيقات	М Ӎ מ ם م ܡ מּ ﬦ Ⰿ ࠌ 𐌼
أخرى
حروف تستخدم معه	m(x)
الأرقام المرتبطة	1000

M إم الحرف الثالث عشر من الأبجدية اللاتينية، ويُستخدم في modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is em (pronounced []ˈɛm[]), plural ems.

 التاريخ

Egyptian hieroglyph "n"	Phoenician Mem	Western Greek Mu	Etruscan M	Latin M

The letter M is derived from the Phoenician Mem via the Greek Mu (Μ, μ). Semitic Mem is most likely derived from a "Proto-Sinaitic" (Bronze Age) adoption of the "water" ideogram in Egyptian writing. The Egyptian sign had the acrophonic value [], from the Egyptian word for "water", nt; the adoption as the Semitic letter for [] was presumably also on acrophonic grounds, from the Semitic word for "water", *mā(y)-.

 الاستخدام في نظم الكتابة

نطق ⟨m⟩ حسب اللغة

الإملاء	Phonemes
الصينية الفصحى (پن‌ين)	[]
الإنگليزية	[]، صامت
الفرنسية	[]
الألمانية	[]
البرتغالية	[], صامت
الإسپانية	[]
التركية	[]

 الإنجليزية

في English, ⟨m⟩ represents the voiced bilabial nasal [].

The Oxford English Dictionary (first edition) says that ⟨m⟩ is sometimes a vowel, such as in words like spasm and in the suffix -ism. In modern terminology, this is described as a syllabic consonant (IPA: []).

M is the fourteenth most frequently used letter in the English language.

 اللغات الأخرى

The letter ⟨m⟩ represents the voiced bilabial nasal [] in the orthography of Latin as well as in those of many modern languages.

In Washo, lower-case ⟨m⟩ represents a voiced bilabial nasal [], while upper-case ⟨M⟩ represents a voiceless bilabial nasal [].

 النظم الأخرى

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨m⟩ represents the voiced bilabial nasal [].

 الاستخدامات الأخرى

Styled letter M in the coat of arms of Miehikkälä

• The Roman numeral M represents the number 1000, though it was not used in Roman times. There is, however, scant evidence that the letter was later introduced in the early centuries A.D. by the Romans.
• Unit prefix M (mega), meaning one million times, and m (milli) meaning one-thousandth.
• m is the standard abbreviation for metre (or meter) in the International System of Units (SI). However, m is also used as an abbreviation for mile.
• M is used as the unit abbreviation for molarity.
• With money amounts, m or M is ambiguous. In the finance industry, m or M means 1,000. In this context, five million dollars is written $5mm or $5MM. Outside of finance, some people use M like the metric system "mega-" to mean one million and write $5M.
• M often represents male or masculine, especially in conjunction with F for female or feminine.
• In typography, an em dash is a punctuation symbol whose width is similar to that of a capital letter M.
• M is used as a logo by many rapid transit systems, standing for "Metro" (or equivalents in other languages.)

 الأحرف ذات الصلة

 النسل والأحرف ذات الصلة في الأبجدية اللاتينية

• M with diacritics: Ḿ ḿ Ṁ ṁ Ṃ ṃ M̃ m̃ ᵯ
• IPA-specific symbols related to M: [] []
• Ɱ : Capital M with hook
• Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to M:
  • U+1D0D ᴍ latin letter small capital m
  • U+1D1F ᴟ latin small letter sideways turned m
  • U+1D39 ᴹ modifier letter capital m
  • U+1D50 ᵐ modifier letter small m
  • U+1D5A ᵚ modifier letter small turned m
• Some symbols related to M were used by the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902:
  • U+2098 ₘ latin subscript small letter m
  • U+A7FA ꟺ latin letter small capital turned m
• The Teuthonista phonetic transcription system uses U+AB3A ꬺ latin small letter m with crossed-tail
• Other variations used for phonetic transcription: ᶆ ᶬ ᶭ
• Ɯ ɯ : Turned M
• ꟽ : Inverted M was used in ancient Roman texts to stand for mulier (woman)
• ꟿ : Archaic M was used in ancient Roman texts to abbreviate the personal name 'Manius' (A regular capital M was used for the more common personal name 'Marcus')
• ℳ : currency symbol for Mark

 الأسلاف والأشقاء في الأبجديات الأخرى

• 𐤌 : Semitic letter Mem, from which the following symbols originally derive:
  • Μ μ : Greek letter Mu, from which M derives
    • Ⲙ ⲙ : Coptic letter Me, which derives from Greek Mu
    • М м : Cyrillic letter Em, also derived from Mu
    • 𐌌 : Old Italic M, which derives from Greek Mu, and is the ancestor of modern Latin M
      • ᛗ : Runic letter Mannaz, which derives from old Italic M
    • 𐌼 : Gothic letter manna, which derives from Greek Mu

 الحروف المرتبطة والاختصارات

• ₥ : Mill (currency)
• ™ [ك‍] : Trademark symbol
• ℠ [ك‍] : Service mark symbol

 التمثيلات الأخرى

 الحوسبة

الحرف	M		m		Ｍ		ｍ
Unicode name	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M		LATIN SMALL LETTER M		FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M		FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER M
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
يونيكود	77	U+004D	109	U+006D	65325	U+FF2D	65357	U+FF4D
UTF-8	77	4D	109	6D	239 188 173	EF BC AD	239 189 141	EF BD 8D
Numeric character reference	M	M	m	m	Ｍ	Ｍ	ｍ	ｍ
EBCDIC family	212	D4	148	94
ASCII	77	4D	109	6D

 غيرهم

نطق الناتو	رمز مورس
Mike	––

العلم الدولي	سيمافور العلم	Braille dots-134

 وصلات خارجية

• وسائط متعلقة بـM من مشاع المعرفة.
• The Wiktionary definition of M
• The Wiktionary definition of m