Ve (حرف كيريلي)

Ve (Vědě/вѣдѣ)
Ve (Vědě/вѣдѣ)
В в
(See below)
الاستخدام
نظام الكتابة	Cyrillic script
النوع	Alphabetic
لغة المنشأ	Old Church Slavonic
القيم الصوتية	[v]; [f]; [u̯]; [β]; [ʋ]; [w]; [ʷ]
في اليونيكود	U+0412, U+0432, U+1C80
الموقع الأبجدي	3
التاريخ
التطور	B β В в; ; ; ; ; ;
الفترة الزمنية	~900 to present
الشقيقات	B; B β; Б б; Ƃ ƃ;
التنويعات	(See below)
أخرى
الأرقام المرتبطة	2
	هذه المقالة تحتوي نسخ صوتي بالأبجدية الصوتية الدولية (IPA). للحصول على دليل تمهيدي عن رموز IPA، انظر Help:IPA. للتمييز بين [ ]، / / و ⟨ ⟩، انظر IPA § الأقواس المربعة ومحددات النسخ.

Ve, from the Alphabet Book оf the Red Army soldier (1921)

Ve (В в; italics: В в or В в; italics: В в) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced labiodental fricative /v/, like ⟨v⟩ in "vase". It can also represent /ʋ/.

The capital letter Ve looks the same as the capital Latin letter B but is pronounced differently.

Ve is commonly romanized by the Latin letter V (as described by ISO 9), but sometimes the Latin letter W is used instead, such as in Polish,^{[citation needed]} or by the German Duden transcription.^[1]

History

Both Ve and the Cyrillic letter Be (Б б) were derived from the Greek letter Beta (Β β), which already represented /v/ in Greek by the time the Cyrillic alphabet was created.^[2]

In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, its name was вѣдѣ (vědě), meaning "I know". In the old Russian alphabet the name was vedi.^[3]

In the Cyrillic numeral system, it had the value of 2.

الشكل

The cursive, handwritten, and italic forms look rounded like the capital letter, or the Greek letter beta (ϐ). This form is also used in Bulgarian forms.

الاستخدام

In Russian and Bulgarian, Ve generally represents /v/, but at the end of a word or before voiceless consonants, it represents the voiceless [f]. Before a palatalizing vowel or soft sign, it represents /vʲ/.

In standard Ukrainian pronunciation (based on the Poltava dialect), Ve usually represents [ʋ] in the word initial position (or preceding most vowels) and a sound like the English W ([w]) when in the word final position. Because of this, it is not uncommon to see words ending in ⟨в⟩ transcribed to end in ⟨w⟩, for example, Владислав = Vladyslaw for Vladislav.

Additionally, some Ukrainians also use this pronunciation in words where the letter is directly preceded by a consonant, while for others all occurrences of the letter Ve denote [w]. In Eastern Ukraine, the letter Ve may represent a voiceless [f], but this is considered a Russianism, as word-final devoicing does not occur in standard Ukrainian. For example, the standard Ukrainian pronunciation of the word сказав ([he] said) is /skazaw/. However, in Eastern Ukraine one is likely to hear the Russified [skazaf] (with final devoicing).

In Belarusian, the letter Ve represents only the sound /v/. In the word final position, or if directly proceeded by a consonant, it mutates to the letter Short U (Ў ў), a Belarusian letter representing the sound /w/. E.g., the Belarusian noun "language" is мова (mova), but the adjectival form is моўны (mowny), and the genitive plural of the noun (formed by removing the final ⟨а⟩) is моў (mow).

In Rusyn, the letter Ve represents the sound /v/, or /w/ if it is at the end of the word.

In Serbian and Montenegrin, the letter Ve represents only the sound /v/.

In Macedonian the letter is used for the sound /v/, but if the letter appears at the end of the word then it is pronounced as /f/. An example of this is the word бев [bɛf] ('I was').

In Tuvan, it is used for /ʋ/.

In Mongolian, Kalmyk, and Dungan, it is used for /w/.

In Bashkir, /v/ in Russian loanwords and /w/ in Arabic and Persian loanwords.

Related letters and other similar characters

Computing codes

الحرف	В		в		ᲀ
Unicode name	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUNDED VE
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
يونيكود	1042	U+0412	1074	U+0432	7296	U+1C80
UTF-8	208 146	D0 92	208 178	D0 B2	225 178 128	E1 B2 80
Numeric character reference	В	В	в	в	ᲀ	ᲀ
KOI8-R and KOI8-U	247	F7	215	D7
CP 855	236	EC	235	EB
Windows-1251	194	C2	226	E2
ISO-8859-5	178	B2	210	D2
Mac Cyrillic	130	82	226	E2

External links

The Wiktionary definition of В
The Wiktionary definition of в

References

^ Duden (in الألمانية). Vol. 1 (22nd ed.). Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut. 2000. p. 118. ISBN 3-411-04012-2.
^ Campbell, George L.; Moseley, Christopher (2013-05-07). The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-22296-3.
^ Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (September 2003). The Slavonic Languages (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-86137-6.

?

[1] Duden (in الألمانية). Vol. 1 (22nd ed.). Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut. 2000. p. 118. ISBN 3-411-04012-2.

[2] Campbell, George L.; Moseley, Christopher (2013-05-07). The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-22296-3.

[3] Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (September 2003). The Slavonic Languages (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-86137-6.

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[2]

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